Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences
type: channel
description: Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences is a peer-reviewed journal published quarterly (February, May, August & November) by the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences. It offers an exciting publication outlet for Physical Science reports.
publisher: Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences
language: en
publication name: Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences
issn: 2714-2817
items: Weaker and deficiency of even vertex odd edge root square mean labeling graphs
items: Applications of quadrilateral finite element meshes with four-node, eight-node, and twelve-node for efficient microwave energy transfer in curved waveguides
items: Retraction Notice
items: RETRACTION NOTICE
items: A hybrid process-based and neural network post-processing model for cowpea yield prediction under climate variability in North Central Nigeria
items: Cattle rumen content, rice husk and cow horn biochars as amendments for enhanced remediation of petroleum-hydrocarbon-contaminated soil: physicochemical characterization and performance evaluation
items: Numerical study of hall current and thermophoresis effect on the hydromagnetic casson nano fluid flow over a stretching surface
items: Temperature- and frequency-dependent ultrasound response of a Poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) polymer gel dosimeter
items: Strategic interventions in schistosomiasis control: leveraging mass drug administration, public engagement, and intermediate host control to disrupt transmission dynamics
items: Feature-optimized hybrid CNN–ViT architecture for sustainable vision-based condition assessment in agriculture
items: A modified Dai–Yuan method with restart mechanism for nonlinear system of equations with a signal recovery
items: Velocity-in/dependent double folding analysis of 12C + 12C elastic scattering cross section at different energies
items: A descent-safeguarded PRP-type conjugate gradient with global convergence and CUTEst benchmarks
items: Synergistic intelligence: a novel hybrid model for precision agriculture using k-means, naive Bayes, and knowledge graphs
items: Concentrations of heavy metal content in indoor dust and potential exposure in preschool children
items: A novel mathematical model for transmission dynamics of HPV and cervical cancer progression with cancer-reliant awareness
items: Existence and uniqueness results for double jump fractional uncertain differential equations
items: Numerical solution of fractional advection-diffusion equation with generalized Caputo derivative using shifted ultraspherical collocation method
items: A comprehensive investigation of dual-damped Euler-Bernoulli beam under moving mass on Pasternak foundation via spectral and central difference methods
items: On graded Jgr-2-absorbing primary submodule
items: Analysis of love-type surface waves in an isotropic thermoelastic layer over a non-homogeneous elastic half-space with interface irregularity
items: Dynamic-kernel CNN-LSTM for real-time intrusion detection in low-power healthcare IoT systems
items: Mathematical model analysis for maize yield under co-infection of maize streak virus and maize stripe virus diseases with control measures
items: Hydrophobicity of golden-phase leaves coated with zinc oxide-based nanocomposite for decorative local products
items: Effect of a moving thermal load in a modified couple stress medium with double porosity and hyperbolic two-temperature theory
items: Factors influencing the thermal stability of HEMA polymer gel dosimeters for clinical radiotherapy
items: Structural, electronic and optical properties of theFeAs(1-x)La(x) ternary alloys: a first principles calculations
items: Development and validation of hybrid drying kinetics models with finite element method integration for black paper in a v-groove solar dryer
items: Computation of vibrational partition function: a comparative analysis between Poisson summation and classical limit
items: Onchocerciasis control via Caputo-Fabrizio fractional dynamics: a focus on early treatment and vector management strategies

Weaker and deficiency of even vertex odd edge root square mean labeling graphs
type: item
description: This paper introduces and investigates a relaxed variant of even vertex odd edge root square mean labeling (EVOERSML), called weaker EVOERSML. For a graph G, a weaker EVOERSML is an injective labeling f : V (G) \rightarrow\ {0, 2, 4, . . . , 2(q+k)}, where k \in \mathbb\ Z+, such that all vertex labels are distinct non-negative even integers. The induced edge labels are obtained by applying either the floor or ceiling function to the square root of the average of the squares of the labels of the end vertices. This relaxed labeling framework extends the applicability of root square mean labelings to a broader class of graphs. The minimum labeling bound Kmin(G) is defined as the least integer k for which G admits a weaker EVOERSML, and methods for determining this bound are discussed. The existence of weaker EVOERSML is established for several families of graphs, and their structural properties are analyzed. The deficiency associated with weaker EVOERSML is also examined, with particular emphasis on connected graphs of orders 3, 4, and 5, yielding complete classifications and illustrative examples.
subject: Mathematics & Statistics
  topic: section
subject: Mathematical, Computer & Statistical Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Path corona
  topic: keywords
subject: cycles
  topic: keywords
subject: star graphs
  topic: keywords
subject: weaker EVOERSML
  topic: keywords
subject: deficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: AMS Subject Classification: 05C78
  topic: subjects
subject: Computational graph theory
  topic: disciplines
creator: K. N. Babu
creator: S. Meenakshi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 K. N. Babu, S. Meenakshi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-25
publication date: 2026-05-25
starting page: 3287
ending page: 3287
doi: 10.46481/jnsps.2026.3287

Applications of quadrilateral finite element meshes with four-node, eight-node, and twelve-node for efficient microwave energy transfer in curved waveguides
type: item
description: This study proposes a two-dimensional higher-order finite element method for computing eigenvalues in planar and multiply connected curved domains relevant to microwave energy transfer and electromagnetic waveguide problems. A fully automated quadrilateral mesh generator implemented in MAPLE-18 is used to convert triangular finite elements into quadrilateral elements with Four-node, Eight-node, and Twelve-node so that curved boundaries can be represented with improved accuracy. The formulation combines a Galerkin finite element procedure, an automated higher-order meshing strategy, and a Gauss quadrature rule to obtain numerical solutions of Helmholtz-type eigenvalue problems. Five curved waveguide domains are considered: an annular circular domain, a circular domain with a square hole, the union of two circular disks, a circular region with two unequal holes, and an L-shaped domain with a quarter-circular curved boundary. The computed eigenvalues are compared with published numerical and analytical results. The comparisons show that increasing the element order from Four-node, Eight-node, and Twelve-node improves the accuracy of the predicted eigenvalues while reducing the number of elements required to obtain comparable convergence. The proposed method therefore provides a practical and efficient finite element framework for eigenvalue estimation in curved waveguide geometries.
subject: Mathematics & Statistics
  topic: section
subject: Mathematical, Computer & Statistical Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Quadrilateral meshing
  topic: keywords
subject: Multiply connected regions
  topic: keywords
subject: Eigenvalue
  topic: keywords
subject: Finite element method
  topic: keywords
subject: Four node
  topic: subjects
subject: Eight node
  topic: subjects
subject: FEM
  topic: subjects
subject: Mathematics, Computational Mathematics, Applied Mathematics, Numerical Fluid Mechanics
  topic: disciplines
creator: K. Lekhana
creator: K. T. Shivaram
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 K. Lekhana, K. T. Shivaram (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-08
publication date: 2026-06-08
starting page: 3412
ending page: 3412
doi: 10.46481/jnsps.2026.3412

Retraction Notice
type: item
description: The Editor and Publisher of the Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences hereby issue this formal retraction notice for the article titled “Fractional-order modeling of visceral leishmaniasis disease transmission dynamics: strategies in eastern Sudan” by Ghada A. Ahmed, published in Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences, Volume 5, 2023, Article ID 1693, DOI: https://doi.org/10.46481/jnsps.2023.1693. The article has been retracted due to errors in the calculations reported in the manuscript. Since the calculations form the basis of the fractional-order mathematical modelling, disease transmission analysis, and resulting conclusions, the identified errors affect the reliability of the findings presented in the article. The retraction decision had previously been reflected on the article page; however, a separate formal retraction notice was not published at that time. This notice is therefore being published now to correct that omission, improve transparency, and ensure that the retraction is properly visible to readers, indexing services, and metadata platforms. The original article should be regarded as retracted and should not be cited as reliable scientific evidence except in discussions relating to the retraction itself. Retracted article: Ghada A. Ahmed, “Fractional-order modeling of visceral leishmaniasis disease transmission dynamics: strategies in eastern Sudan,” Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences 5 (2023) 1693. https://doi.org/10.46481/jnsps.2023.1693 Retraction decision date: 06-12-2023 Retraction notice publication date: 26-04-2026
subject: Notice
  topic: section
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-26
publication date: 2026-04-26
starting page: 3465
ending page: 3465
doi: 10.46481/jnsps.2026.3465

RETRACTION NOTICE
type: item
description: The Editor and Publisher of the Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences hereby issue this formal retraction notice for the article titled “Preparation and Characterization of High Performance Dye Sensitized Solar Cells with Silver Nanoparticles in nanocomposite Photoanode” by Eli Danladi, Jamila Tasiu, and Lucky Endas, published in Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences, Volume 2, Issue 1, February 2020, pages 7–11, DOI: 10.46481/jnsps.2020.24 [1]. The article was retracted after the authors notified the journal of an incorrect report of the X-ray diffraction analysis. Since the X-ray diffraction result formed part of the material characterization presented in the article, the reported error affected the reliability of the relevant findings and conclusions. Following the authors’ notification and editorial assessment, the article was retracted to maintain the accuracy and integrity of the scholarly record. The retraction decision had previously been reflected on the article page; however, a separate formal retraction notice was not published at the time. This notice is therefore being published now to correct that omission, improve transparency, and ensure that the retraction is properly visible to readers, indexing services, and metadata platforms. The original article should be regarded as retracted and should not be cited as reliable scientific evidence except in discussions relating to the retraction itself. Retraction notice publication date: 26-04-2026
subject: Notice
  topic: section
subject: Publisher's Note
  topic: category
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-26
publication date: 2026-04-26
starting page: 3464
ending page: 3464
doi: 10.46481/jnsps.2026.3464

A hybrid process-based and neural network post-processing model for cowpea yield prediction under climate variability in North Central Nigeria
type: item
description: Agriculture has sustained human civilisation for centuries, yet it remains a sector in critical need of technological advancement. Existing crop-growth and yield-prediction methods lack a simple and generic framework that relies on climate data with minimal parameters, particularly for leguminous crops. Addressing this gap, this study develops a Crop Growth Rate Computation Model (CGRCM) to simulate crop growth with a focus on soil nitrogen utilisation. The CGRCM integrates climate variables and nine parameters to predict cowpea growth in terms of above-ground biomass and final yield, derived from biomass at maturity and harvest index. Climatic input data and soil parameters were obtained through remote sensing for Makurdi and Mokwa in North Central Nigeria, covering 32 growing seasons (1990-2021). The model was calibrated for the FUAMPEA cultivar and implemented using a Python-based neural network post-processor. Training was conducted on data from 1990--2017 and testing on data from 2018--2021. Results show that the CGRCM effectively captures biomass responses to drought, temperature and heat stress. The model achieved strong agreement with observed yields, with an MAE of 134.2, an RMSE of 153.6 and a prediction accuracy of 91.4% for Makurdi, and an MAE of 109.4, an RMSE of 113.7 and a prediction accuracy of 93.5% for Mokwa. Bootstrap confidence interval, paired t-test and Diebold-Mariano tests confirmed that the CGRCM performed better, demonstrating its reliability as a scalable and data-efficient tool for crop-growth prediction.
subject: Computer Science
  topic: section
subject: Earth Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Mathematical, Computer & Statistical Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Climate, Crop Growth, Yield Prediction, Neural Network
  topic: keywords
subject: Intelligent Crop growth and Yield Prediction
  topic: subjects
subject: Computer Science and Agricultural Informatics
  topic: disciplines
creator: Onyeke Idoko Charles
creator: John Kolo Alhassan
creator: Mohammed Danlami Abdulmalik
creator: Kehinde Dele Tolorunse
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Onyeke Idoko Charles, John Kolo Alhassan, Mohammed Danlami Abdulmalik, Kehinde Dele Tolorunse (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-19
publication date: 2026-05-19
starting page: 3353
ending page: 3353
doi: 10.46481/jnsps.2026.3353

Cattle rumen content, rice husk and cow horn biochars as amendments for enhanced remediation of petroleum-hydrocarbon-contaminated soil: physicochemical characterization and performance evaluation
type: item
description: Petroleum hydrocarbon contamination of soil is a major environmental challenge in crude-oil-producing areas. Agricultural and abattoir wastes are promising low-cost soil amendments but remain greatly underutilized. In this study, cattle rumen content (CRC), rice husk biochar (RHB) and cow horn biochar (CHB) were converted into soil amendments and applied to petroleum-hydrocarbon-contaminated soils. Physicochemical characterization showed that CaO, SiO2 and SO3 were predominant in CRC, RHB and CHB, respectively. Quantitative phase X-ray diffraction gave 65 wt% and 56 wt% graphite in RHB and CHB, respectively, while a chaoite-like phase was tentatively observed in CRC at about 28 wt%. Brunauer--Emmett-Teller surface areas were 356.0, 254.9 and 185.9 m2 g-1 for CHB, RHB and CRC, respectively, with all materials exhibiting mesoporous structures (pore diameters 2.55-2.65 nm). RHB had a higher ash content (50%) than CHB (16%) and CRC (12%). When the amendments were applied to contaminated soil with an initial total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentration of 1307 mg kg-1 for 60 days, amendment type and application rate affected TPH reduction. RHB and CHB reduced TPH by 94% and 93%, respectively, at a 20% application rate, whereas CRC reduced TPH by 98% at a 10% application rate. Hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria increased with time, with CRC producing the strongest stimulation. The study highlights the practical value of converting agricultural and abattoir wastes into effective soil remediation amendments for hydrocarbon-impacted areas.
subject: Chemistry
  topic: section
subject: Chemistry
  topic: category
subject: Biochar
  topic: keywords
subject: Cattle rumen content
  topic: keywords
subject: Total petroleum hydrocarbon
  topic: keywords
subject: Soil remediation
  topic: keywords
subject: Soil remediation
  topic: subjects
subject: Biochar
  topic: subjects
subject: Environmental Chemistry
  topic: disciplines
creator: Faustina Onyeyirichi Iniaghe
creator: Paschal Okiroro Iniaghe
creator: Godswill Okeoghene Tesi
creator: Wisdom Ivwurie
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Faustina Onyeyirichi Iniaghe, Paschal Okiroro Iniaghe, Godswill Okeoghene Tesi, Wisdom Ivwurie (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-15
publication date: 2026-05-15
starting page: 3388
ending page: 3388
doi: 10.46481/jnsps.2026.3388

Numerical study of hall current and thermophoresis effect on the hydromagnetic casson nano fluid flow over a stretching surface
type: item
description: This study investigate, the numerical analysis of heat and mass transfer in Hydro magnetic Casson Nano particle flow past a stretching surface by including the effect of Hall current, thermophoresis and inclined magnetic field. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations through similarity transformations and then solved by using the MATLAB inbuilt bvp4c method.The variations due to the key parameters occurring in the governing mathematical formulations on temperature, rate of flow and concentration profile are presented graphically and the variations in the primary attributes of the flow field namely, skin friction,Sherwood and Nusselt number are presented through a table. The outcomes of the analysis show that the Hall current parameter $(m)$ increases the transverse velocity while it decreases the temperature and nanoparticle concentration. On the other hand increasing magnetic field parameter $(M)$ enhance the nanoparticle concentration and it decreases the tangential and transverse velocities. The thermophoresis parameter $(Nt)$ results in increasing the temperature and concentration profile. The inclination angle $(\gamma)$ with the vertical axis reduces the velocity profiles. The analysis provides a valuable insight in optimizing the transport of heat and mass in hydro magnetic Casson Nano fluid flow systems which will find applications in advanced cooling and thermal management technologies.
subject: Mathematics & Statistics
  topic: section
subject: Mathematical, Computer & Statistical Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Hall current
  topic: keywords
subject: Casson fluid
  topic: keywords
subject: Stretching surface
  topic: keywords
subject: bvp4c
  topic: keywords
subject: Mathematics
  topic: subjects
subject: Applied Mathematics
  topic: disciplines
creator: Jatin Kumar
creator: Khem Chand
creator: Pankaj Thakur
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jatin Kumar, Khem Chand, Pankaj Thakur (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-14
publication date: 2026-05-14
starting page: 3259
ending page: 3259
doi: 10.46481/jnsps.2026.3259

Temperature- and frequency-dependent ultrasound response of a Poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) polymer gel dosimeter
type: item
description: Poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) (PNVCl) polymer gels have recently been proposed for radiation dosimetry; however, their ultrasound response remains inadequately defined. This study assessed the feasibility of pulse-echo ultrasonography for evaluating the dose response of a PNVCl polymer gel dosimeter. Gel samples composed of gelatin type A, deionized water, BIS, PNVCl, and tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride (THPC) were synthesized and irradiated with 6 MV photon beams. Dose-response measurements were performed from 0 to 30 Gy at 200 cGy min-1, and dose-rate dependence was assessed at 100, 300, and 600 cGy min-1 for doses of 5 and 10 Gy. Ultrasound measurements were acquired with transducers operating between 1 and 4 MHz. The speed of sound and attenuation coefficient were determined using pulse-echo time-of-flight and frequency-domain analyses, respectively. All ultrasonic parameters increased with absorbed dose, with the clearest linear response observed at 2 MHz. The response was temperature dependent, with higher sensitivity at room temperature than at 15 oC. Dose rate and photon beam energy showed no clear influence on the ultrasonic response within the investigated range. These findings support pulse-echo ultrasonography as a practical method for assessing PNVCl polymer gel dosimeters, provided that temperature is carefully controlled and temperature-specific calibration curves are used.
subject: Physics & Astronomy
  topic: section
subject: Physics & Astronomy
  topic: category
subject: Poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) polymer gel,
  topic: keywords
subject: ultrasound dosimetry
  topic: keywords
subject: speed of sound
  topic: keywords
subject: attenuation coefficient
  topic: keywords
creator: Ammar A. Oglat
creator: Khalid A Rabaeh
creator: Mohammed Dawood Salman
creator: Molham M Eyadeh
creator: Kholoud Zyoid
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ammar A. Oglat, Khalid A Rabaeh, Mohammed Dawood Salman, Molham M Eyadeh, Kholoud Zyoid (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-15
publication date: 2026-05-15
starting page: 3305
ending page: 3305
doi: 10.46481/jnsps.2026.3305

Strategic interventions in schistosomiasis control: leveraging mass drug administration, public engagement, and intermediate host control to disrupt transmission dynamics
type: item
description: Schistosomiasis is caused by parasitic flatworms known as schistosomes. Humans become infected when they come into contact with freshwater containing these parasites. Many communities have only a limited understanding of how schistosomiasis spreads or how mass drug administration (MDA) can help to manage it. Furthermore, some regions neglect snail control efforts, despite snails are key intermediate hosts in disease transmission. In this study, we employ mathematical equations to illustrate how schistosomiasis spreads when public enlightenment campaigns, mass drug administration, and snail control measures are implemented. We calculate the control reproduction number, $R_c,$ and examine the existence and stability of both the disease-free and endemic equilibrium states. Our results indicate that when people are aware of the disease, participate in mass drug administration, and intensify snail control efforts, the spread of the disease slows. Sensitivity analysis reveals that mass drug administration and increasing snail mortality rates are the most effective strategies for reducing $R_c.$ Simulations suggest that improved sanitation and educating people about the benefits of taking medicine can reduce the number of infected individuals. Furthermore, treating water or introducing predatory fish can help to lower the population of disease carrying snails. These findings provide valuable insights that can assist public health stakeholders in making informed decisions to control schistosomiasis.
subject: Mathematics & Statistics
  topic: section
subject: Mathematical, Computer & Statistical Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Bifurcation
  topic: keywords
subject: Control reproduction number
  topic: keywords
subject: Stability analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Sensitivity analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Schistosomiasis
  topic: keywords
subject: Bifurcation
  topic: subjects
subject: Control reproduction number
  topic: subjects
subject: Stability analysis
  topic: subjects
subject: Sensitivity analysis
  topic: subjects
subject: Schistosomiasis
  topic: subjects
subject: Mathematical modelling
  topic: disciplines
creator: Agatha Abokwara
creator: Chinwendu E. Madubueze
creator: Reuben I. Gweryina
creator: Terhemen Aboiyar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Agatha Abokwara, Chinwendu E. Madubueze, Reuben I. Gweryina, Terhemen Aboiyar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-14
publication date: 2026-05-14
starting page: 3122
ending page: 3122
doi: 10.46481/jnsps.2026.3122

Feature-optimized hybrid CNN–ViT architecture for sustainable vision-based condition assessment in agriculture
type: item
description: Early detection of structural and physiological changes in plants remains a difficult challenge for computer vision because of large intra-class variation and environmental noise. This paper integrates feature enhancement using Excess Green (ExG) and Excess Red (ExR) vegetation indices with feature compression using principal component analysis (PCA) and an asymmetric convolutional neural network (CNN)--Vision Transformer (ViT) fusion architecture for multi-crop plant-disease classification. Preprocessing involves extracting ExG and ExR, performing statistical normalization, and applying PCA-based feature compression to enhance discriminative ability and reduce redundant spectral information. The CNN component generates hierarchical texture encodings, while the ViT component produces self-attention encodings suited to capturing global associations. The complementary feature spaces are combined through a cross-domain fusion layer to improve representation capability. The proposed system achieves high classification accuracy (98%) and robustness across multiple crop datasets. Although edge efficiency and explainability still need to be addressed before deployment in real-world agricultural scenarios, these aspects are outlined as future work.
subject: Computer Science
  topic: section
subject: Mathematical, Computer & Statistical Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Plant disease detection
  topic: keywords
subject: Hybrid CNN–ViT
  topic: keywords
subject: Multi-crop classification
  topic: keywords
subject: Vision transformer
  topic: keywords
subject: Feature engineering
  topic: keywords
subject: Computer Science
  topic: disciplines
creator: Muhammad Musa Liman
creator: Rajesh Prasad
creator: Hauwa Ahmad Amshi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Musa Liman, Rajesh Prasad, Hauwa Ahmad Amshi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-14
publication date: 2026-05-14
starting page: 3301
ending page: 3301
doi: 10.46481/jnsps.2026.3301

A modified Dai–Yuan method with restart mechanism for nonlinear system of equations with a signal recovery
type: item
description: The Dai--Yuan method is an important iterative scheme for solving unconstrained optimization problems, but it often requires exact or Wolfe-type line searches to satisfy descent or sufficient descent conditions. It may also perform poorly due to the jamming phenomenon. This paper presents a modified three-term Dai--Yuan method for solving constrained systems of nonlinear monotone equations. The search direction of the proposed method includes a nonnegative parameter whose value is determined through singular-value analysis of the iteration matrix. The method also incorporates a restart mechanism that ensures global convergence regardless of the line-search procedure used. Theoretical analysis establishes the global convergence and convergence rate of the proposed scheme under suitable assumptions. Numerical experiments on constrained nonlinear equations and sparse signal reconstruction demonstrate the efficiency of the method compared with related algorithms.
subject: Mathematics & Statistics
  topic: section
subject: Mathematical, Computer & Statistical Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Conjugate gradient methods
  topic: keywords
subject: Lipschitz condition
  topic: keywords
subject: Signal reconstruction
  topic: keywords
subject: Singular values
  topic: keywords
subject: Numerical Optimization
  topic: subjects
subject: Mathematics
  topic: disciplines
creator: A. S. Halilu
creator: M.A. Mohamed
creator: I. A. R. Moghrabi
creator: K. Ahmed
creator: S. M. Ibrahim
creator: M. Y. Waziri
creator: S. Murtala
creator: H. Abdullahi
creator: M. A. Jada
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 A. S. Halilu, M.A. Mohamed, I. A. R. Moghrabi, K. Ahmed, S. M. Ibrahim, M. Y. Waziri, S. Murtala, H. Abdullahi, M. A. Jada (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
starting page: 3051
ending page: 3051
doi: 10.46481/jnsps.2026.3051

Velocity-in/dependent double folding analysis of 12C + 12C elastic scattering cross section at different energies
type: item
description: This study investigates the elastic scattering cross sections for 12 C + 12 C over a wide range of incident energies from 78.85 to 420 MeV using the velocity–dependent São Paulo Potential version 2 (SPP2) and the velocity–independent Brazilian Nuclear Potential (BNP) within the optical-model-based double folding (DF) framework. Two different density distributions for 12C, experimental matter density (ED), and the Dirac-Hartree-Bogoliubov (DHB) theoretical matter density, were employed. The analysis compares the computed potentials, obtained by folding the density distributions, and evaluates the accuracy of the results through comparison with experimental data. Two approaches were explored to determine the depths of the potentials, highlighting their performance and sensitivity to energy and density distributions. Results indicate good agreement with experimental data, with SPP2 generally outperforming BNP. Analysis of volume integrals and reaction cross sections further elucidates the behavior of the potentials and their implications on scattering phenomena. Overall, this study provides insights into the dynamics of nuclear interactions at intermediate energies, contributing to the understanding of nuclear reactions.
subject: Physics & Astronomy
  topic: section
subject: Physics & Astronomy
  topic: category
subject: Velocity–dependent potential
  topic: keywords
subject: Elastic scattering cross sections
  topic: subjects
subject: Double folding model
  topic: subjects
subject: Cross section
  topic: subjects
subject: São Paulo potential
  topic: subjects
subject: Nuclear Physics
  topic: disciplines
creator: Sunday Olorunfunmi
creator: Armand Bahini
creator: Samuel A. Adeojo
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Sunday D. Olorunfunmi, Armand Bahini, Samuel A. Adeojo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-01
publication date: 2026-02-01
starting page: 3028
ending page: 3028
doi: 10.46481/jnsps.2026.3028

A descent-safeguarded PRP-type conjugate gradient with global convergence and CUTEst benchmarks
type: item
description: Conjugate gradient (CG) methods are widely used for solving large-scale unconstrained optimization problems. Well-known methods, such as the Polak-Ribière-Polyak and Hestenes-Stiefel methods, may not satisfy the global convergence property. To improve this behavior, this paper constructs a new three-term CG method based on the PRP framework. The proposed method is shown to satisfy sufficient descent and global convergence properties. To study its behavior, we compare its performance with those of CG-Descent 6.8, the non-negative Dai-Liao method, and the HS+TA method by applying them to more than 180 optimization problems selected from the CUTEst library. The numerical results show that the new method performs better than the three competing methods and other recently published CG methods in terms of the number of iterations, the number of function and gradient evaluations, and the CPU time required to solve the test problems. To illustrate accuracy, we report the function and gradient values at the obtained solutions for all test problems.
subject: Mathematics & Statistics
  topic: section
subject: Mathematical, Computer & Statistical Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Conjugate gradient method
  topic: keywords
subject: global convergence
  topic: keywords
subject: CUTEst benchmarks
  topic: keywords
subject: unconstrained optimization
  topic: keywords
subject: Conjugate gradient method, Global convergence, Image restoration, Unconstrained Optimization
  topic: subjects
subject: Applied Mathematics
  topic: disciplines
subject: NUMERICAL ANALYSIS
  topic: disciplines
creator: Ahmad Alhawarat
creator: Sultanah Masmali
creator: Shahrina Ismail
creator: Hamid El Hor
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmad Alhawarat, Sultanah Masmali, Shahrina Ismail, Hamid El Hor (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-25
publication date: 2026-05-25
starting page: 3118
ending page: 3118
doi: 10.46481/jnsps.2026.3118

Synergistic intelligence: a novel hybrid model for precision agriculture using k-means, naive Bayes, and knowledge graphs
type: item
description: This study presents a novel hybrid knowledge discovery model integrating K-Means clustering, Naive Bayes classification, and Knowledge Graph technology to address interpretability and data heterogeneity challenges in precision agriculture. The proposed framework first applies K-Means to segment agro-ecological zones using multi-source data (soil, climate, satellite imagery), then employs Naive Bayes to classify crop productivity tiers, achieving 89% accuracy—surpassing standalone benchmarks (Naive Bayes: 86%, Random Forest: 87.5%). A Neo4j-based Knowledge Graph contextualizes these outputs, demonstrating 95% schema completeness and efficient querying (0.1559s latency), while enabling dynamic analysis of soil-climate-crop relationships. Pilot trials confirmed actionable impacts, including 22% reduced water use and 18% less fertilizer waste in targeted farms. By unifying unsupervised/supervised learning with semantic reasoning, this work advances scalable, interpretable decision support systems for sustainable agriculture, offering a replicable template for global food security initiatives.
subject: Computer Science
  topic: section
subject: Mathematical, Computer & Statistical Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Hybrid knowledge discovery
  topic: keywords
subject: Precision agriculture
  topic: keywords
subject: K-means clustering
  topic: keywords
subject: Knowledge graphs
  topic: keywords
creator: Catherine
creator: Osowomuabe Njama-Abang
creator: Samuel Oladimeji
creator: Idongetsit E. Eteng
creator: Edim A. Emanuel
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Catherine N. Ogbizi-Ugbe, Osowomuabe Njama-Abang, Samuel Oladimeji, Idongetsit E. Eteng, Edim A. Emanuel (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-01
publication date: 2026-02-01
starting page: 2929
ending page: 2929
doi: 10.46481/jnsps.2026.2929

Concentrations of heavy metal content in indoor dust and potential exposure in preschool children
type: item
description: Indoor dust serves as a medium for the deposition of heavy metals, and young children's rapid physical growth and hand-to-mouth behavior expose them to the impacts of heavy metals. This project aimed to measure the concentrations of heavy metals in classroom dust from the selected preschools in southwestern Nigeria. Dust samples were taken via a dust collector and analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively via the Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) scheme. The descriptive and inferential statistical method was employed for the data analysis, and standard calibration, recovery analysis, and blank determination were carried out for the quality control measures. It was found that, in the dry season, the total metal concentrations in dust were 1.82 gg-1 Cu to 80.00 gg-1 Zn, whereas, in the wet season, the heavy metal concentrations were 0.83 gg-1 Co to 38.43 gg-1 Zn. Hence, the selected preschool dust was significantly enriched with high levels of Cd and As contamination but unpolluted for Co, Cu, Mn, and Pb across all examined metals. The results indicate elevated concentrations of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in high-traffic indoor spaces, with levels exceeding recommended safety thresholds. Lead (Pb) exposure is linked to neurodevelopmental disorders and reduced cognitive function, Cadmium (Cd) can cause kidney damage and impair bone development, while arsenic (As) is associated with immunotoxicity and an increased risk of cancer. To mitigate these risks, this study recommends practical measures, including frequent wet cleaning of floors and surfaces to reduce dust accumulation and limiting the use of materials known to contain heavy metals, such as lead-based paints and older plumbing fixtures.
subject: Physics & Astronomy
  topic: section
subject: Physics & Astronomy
  topic: category
subject: Heavy metal
  topic: keywords
subject: Indoor dust
  topic: keywords
subject: Preschool environment
  topic: keywords
subject: Metal concentration
  topic: keywords
subject: Atmospheric Physics
  topic: disciplines
creator: Adebayo AKINPELU
creator: K. P. Ojo
creator: olakunle salawu
creator: G. O. Olutona
creator: Francis Aweda
creator: O. O. Jegede
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 J. A. Akinpelu, K. P. Ojo, S. O. Salawu, G. O. Olutona, F. O. Aweda, O. O. Jegede (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-01
publication date: 2026-02-01
starting page: 2559
ending page: 2559
doi: 10.46481/jnsps.2026.2559

A novel mathematical model for transmission dynamics of HPV and cervical cancer progression with cancer-reliant awareness
type: item
description: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a global health problem that causes the vast majority of cervical cancers. { A novel mathematical model for HPV, as it progresses to cervical cancer, was formulated using a system of six ordinary differential equations that incorporates behavioural dynamics in the description of some control measures. In particular, this study introduces a novel chained dependency framework where the awareness parameter depends on Cancer burden, and the screening rate is a function of awareness}. The essential epidemiological features of the model, such as the positivity and boundedness of the model, the basic reproduction number $\mathcal{R}_0$, the disease-free equilibrium, and the endemic equilibrium, are derived. The disease-free equilibrium is shown to be locally and globally asymptotically stable when $\mathcal{R}_0 < 1$. The endemic level of infection is expressed in terms of $\mathcal{R}_0$, and deductions are made from their relationship. Sensitivity analysis is conducted to determine which parameters are of utmost importance using a global sensitivity analysis method called the Partial Rank Correlation Coefficient (PRCC) method. Parameters are set from the literature, and simulation is carried out using the Runge--Kutta 4th order (RK4) method to explore the impact of various parameters on model dynamics. { The results of the analyses not only reveal the impact of awareness campaigns, routine screening programmes, and vaccination in reducing HPV and cervical cancer, but also demonstrate how improved disease outcomes are directly linked to the chained awareness screening structure rather than the usual epidemic dynamics.
subject: Mathematics & Statistics
  topic: section
subject: Mathematical, Computer & Statistical Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Human Papillomavirus
  topic: keywords
subject: Cervical Cancer
  topic: keywords
subject: Mathematical Modelling
  topic: keywords
subject: Awareness
  topic: keywords
subject: Numerical Simulation
  topic: keywords
subject: Bio-Maths, Applied maths, Mathematical Epidemiology
  topic: subjects
subject: Ordinary Differential Equations
  topic: subjects
subject: Cancer equilibrium state
  topic: subjects
subject: Global stability
  topic: subjects
subject: Basic reproduction number, Local stability, numerical simulation
  topic: subjects
subject: BIOMATHEMATICS
  topic: disciplines
subject: Computational Mathematics
  topic: disciplines
subject: Mathematical modelling
  topic: disciplines
subject: Infectious Diseases
  topic: disciplines
subject: Numerical Simulation and Mathematical Computation
  topic: disciplines
creator: Ogechi Regina Amanso
creator: Jeconia Okelo Abonyo
creator: Phineas Roy Kiogora
creator: Obiora Cornelius Collins
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ogechi Regina Amanso, Jeconia Okelo Abonyo, Phineas Roy Kiogora, Obiora Cornelius Collins (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-22
publication date: 2026-03-22
doi: 10.46481/jnsps.2026.3224

Existence and uniqueness results for double jump fractional uncertain differential equations
type: item
description: Fractional uncertain differential equations have been used to model random processes in economics and other fields that exhibit jumps, dependency, and nonlinearities, and which possess uncertainties due to limited data and inadequate models. In this paper, a double V-jump fractional uncertain differential equation (DV-FUDE) is presented as a $\theta^{th}$-order Riemann-Liouville or Caputo fractional uncertain differential equation with the addition of two V-jump independent processes on different filtrations. The equation models systems possessing two sources of uncertain shocks attributed to internal and external factors, respectively. Exact solutions in the case of time-dependent coefficients are given in terms of the Mittag-Leffler function. Sample continuity, existence, and uniqueness for the general Riemann-Liouville and Caputo DV-FUDE are established using the Banach Fixed Point Theorem, under global Lipschitz and linear growth conditions on the coefficients. Some extensions and possible areas of application are highlighted for future research.
subject: Mathematics & Statistics
  topic: section
subject: Mathematical, Computer & Statistical Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Double V-jump
  topic: keywords
subject: Banach fixed point
  topic: keywords
subject: Existence
  topic: keywords
subject: Uniqueness
  topic: keywords
subject: Fractional uncertain differential equation
  topic: keywords
subject: fractional uncertain differential equation.
  topic: subjects
subject: Applied Mathematics
  topic: disciplines
subject: Differential equations
  topic: disciplines
subject: Operator theory
  topic: disciplines
subject: Functional Analysis
  topic: disciplines
subject: Fractional Uncertain Differential Equations
  topic: disciplines
creator: Philip Ajibola Bankole
creator: Mabel Eruore Adeosun
creator: Sunday Emmanuel Fadugba
creator: Tolulope Fadina
creator: Christopher Thron
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Philip Ajibola Bankole, Mabel Eruore Adeosun, Sunday Emmanuel Fadugba, Tolulope Fadina, Christopher Thron (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-04
publication date: 2026-05-04
starting page: 3153
ending page: 3153
doi: 10.46481/jnsps.2026.3153

Numerical solution of fractional advection-diffusion equation with generalized Caputo derivative using shifted ultraspherical collocation method
type: item
description: In this article, we develop an approximate technique for solving a fractional advection-diffusion equation with a generalized Caputo derivative via a finite difference scheme. This technique employed the properties of shifted ultraspherical polynomials, which combine the finite difference scheme for the temporal discretization derivative and express the approximate solution in terms of shifted ultraspherical polynomials. The convergence and the stability of the proposed technique are proved. Numerical examples are considered, and the obtained results are compared with the analytical results and those obtained in the literature to establish the accuracy of the technique. The proposed techniques, based on the generalized Caputo derivative and the properties of shifted ultraspherical polynomials, produce robust results and encompass those obtained using several other families of orthogonal polynomials as demonstrated in the results of the examples considered.
subject: Mathematics & Statistics
  topic: section
subject: Mathematical, Computer & Statistical Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Ultraspherical collocation method
  topic: keywords
subject: Generalized Caputo Fractional Derivative (GCFD)
  topic: keywords
subject: Shifted ultraspherical polynomial
  topic: keywords
subject: Fractional advection-diffusion equation
  topic: keywords
subject: Finite difference scheme
  topic: keywords
subject: Numerical Analysis
  topic: disciplines
creator: Kazeem Issa
creator: A. T. AbdulKareem
creator: A D. Adeshola
creator: R. A. Bello
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 K. Issa, A. T. AbdulKareem, A D. Adeshola, R. A. Bello (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-02
publication date: 2026-05-02
starting page: 2986
ending page: 2986
doi: 10.46481/jnsps.2026.2986

A comprehensive investigation of dual-damped Euler-Bernoulli beam under moving mass on Pasternak foundation via spectral and central difference methods
type: item
description: This study investigates the dynamic behavior of a dual-damped Euler-Bernoulli beam carrying a moving mass and supported on a Pasternak foundation, with the aim of improving prediction and control of vibration in structural systems. The beam model incorporates both internal (material) and external (viscous) damping and is discretized spatially using the Chebyshev collocation method (high-order spectral accuracy). Time integration is performed with an explicit central-difference scheme. Convergence and stability of the high-order spatial discretization with explicit time stepping are assessed, and extensive parametric studies are carried out over inertia, foundation shear stiffness, and damping coefficients. Numerical results validated across simulation cases show clear repeatable trends: increases in mass per unit length, foundation shear stiffness, and viscoelastic (internal and external) damping all substantially reduce peak deflection amplitudes and mid-span displacement. The moving-mass model predicts lower critical speeds and larger dynamic amplification better than equivalent moving-force approximations. The combined dual-damped, high-order numerical scheme provides an accurate efficient tool for analyzing beam dynamics under moving loads. Results highlight practical design levers (inertia, shear stiffness, damping) that engineers can tune to mitigate vibration in civil, structural, and biomechanical applications, and identify parameter ranges most susceptible to resonance.
subject: Mathematics & Statistics
  topic: section
subject: Mathematical, Computer & Statistical Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Euler-Bernoulli beam
  topic: keywords
subject: Chebyshev collocation
  topic: keywords
subject: Central difference
  topic: keywords
subject: Damping coefficients
  topic: keywords
subject: Pasternak foundation
  topic: keywords
subject: Euler-Bernoulli beam
  topic: subjects
subject: Chebyshev collocation
  topic: subjects
subject: Central difference
  topic: subjects
subject: Damping co-efficients
  topic: subjects
subject: Pasternak foundation
  topic: subjects
subject: Applied Mathematics
  topic: disciplines
subject: Numerical Analysis
  topic: disciplines
subject: Computational fluid dynamics
  topic: disciplines
subject: Mathematics/Fluid Mechanics
  topic: disciplines
creator: Adebola Samuel Adeoye
creator: Ezekiel Olaoluwa Omole
creator: Sule Adekunle Jimoh
creator: Victoria Iyadunni Ayodele
creator: Taiwo Aanu Ogunlusi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Adebola Samuel Adeoye, Ezekiel Olaoluwa Omole, Sule Adekunle Jimoh, Victoria Iyadunni Ayodele, Taiwo Aanu Ogunlusi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-14
publication date: 2026-05-14
starting page: 3087
ending page: 3087
doi: 10.46481/jnsps.2026.3087

On graded Jgr-2-absorbing primary submodule
type: item
description: This paper introduces the concept of graded Jgr-2-absorbing primary submodules, a new intermediate structure in graded module theory. Motivated by the need to extend and unify classical notions such as graded prime and graded primary submodules, the study develops a comprehensive framework describing their defining characteristics and relationships. Through a sequence of rigorous theorems and illustrative examples, we establish fundamental properties, equivalence conditions, and inclusion relations that clarify the behavior of these submodules within graded modules. The findings show that graded Jgr-2-absorbing primary submodules generalize several known structures while maintaining distinctive algebraic flexibility. Moreover, the results concerning graded homomorphisms and multiplication modules demonstrate the robustness of the concept and its potential applications in graded algebra. Overall, this work deepens the theoretical understanding of graded algebraic systems and provides a foundation for further research in module and ring theory.
subject: Mathematics & Statistics
  topic: section
subject: Mathematical, Computer & Statistical Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Graded J_{gr}-2-absorbing primary submodule
  topic: keywords
subject: Graded J_{gr}-2-absorbing submodule
  topic: keywords
subject: Graded 2-absorbing submodule
  topic: keywords
subject: commutative algebra, graded rings, graded modules
  topic: subjects
creator: Shatha Alghueiri
creator: Khaldoun Al-Zoubi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Shatha Alghueiri, Khaldoun Al-Zoubi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-01
publication date: 2026-02-01
starting page: 3107
ending page: 3107
doi: 10.46481/jnsps.2026.3107

Analysis of love-type surface waves in an isotropic thermoelastic layer over a non-homogeneous elastic half-space with interface irregularity
type: item
description: This study explores the dispersion characteristics of Love-type surface waves in a composite elastic media consisting of an isotropic thermoelastic layer resting over nonhomogeneous elastic half-space. A rectangular-shaped irregularity at the interface between the two media is introduced to simulate a geometric discontinuity, which represents more realistic subsurface features. The present work simultaneously incorporates material inhomogeneity, thermoelastic effects, and interface irregularity within a unified analytical framework. The governing equations have been taken using theory of elasticity and solved analytically using Fourier and inverse Fourier transformations. Perturbation method is then applied to derive the dispersion equation for the propagation of Love waves. This dispersion equation is graphically analysed using MATLAB to observe how the dimensionless phase velocity changes with dimensionless wave number for different values of the inhomogeneity parameter and various values of the ratio of irregularity depth to layer height. The obtained results show that both rectangular-shaped interface irregularity and inhomogeneity significantly affect phase velocity, particularly at the lower wave numbers. This study enhances the understanding of surface wave behaviour in complex elastic structures and provides practical implications for subsurface imaging, seismic hazard assessment, and material characterization in civil engineering and geotechnical applications.
subject: Mathematics & Statistics
  topic: section
subject: Mathematical, Computer & Statistical Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Love waves
  topic: keywords
subject: Interface irregularity
  topic: keywords
subject: Thermoelastic layer
  topic: keywords
subject: Dispersion equation
  topic: keywords
subject: Nonhomogeneous half-space
  topic: keywords
subject: Love waves, interface irregularity, thermoelastic layer, dispersion equation, non-homogeneous half-space
  topic: subjects
subject: Department of Mathematics, University Institute of Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali-140413, Punjab, India
  topic: disciplines
creator: Suraj Sharma
creator: Ravinder Kumar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Suraj Sharma, Ravinder Kumar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-21
publication date: 2026-03-21
starting page: 3231
ending page: 3231
doi: 10.46481/jnsps.2026.3231

Dynamic-kernel CNN-LSTM for real-time intrusion detection in low-power healthcare IoT systems
type: item
description: Cybersecurity has become a serious concern in healthcare Internet of Things (IoT) systems, where connected medical devices support patient monitoring, diagnosis, and treatment but remain vulnerable to attacks. This paper presents a Dynamic-kernel Convolutional Neural Network--Long Short-Term Memory (DyK-CNN-LSTM) architecture for energy-efficient intrusion detection in healthcare IoT environments. The model combines SoftMax-gated dynamic convolutional kernels with bidirectional LSTM layers to learn multi-scale spatial dependencies and temporal correlations in network traffic. Causal pooling is incorporated to support low-latency, simulation-based real-time inference on low-power devices. Experiments on the IoT Healthcare Security and CICIoMT-2024 datasets produced an integrated-dataset accuracy of 98.42%, precision of 98.35%, recall of 98.41%, F1-score of 98.38%, and false alarm rate of 1.58%. Attack-specific analysis showed consistently strong detection across DDoS, replay, ransomware, brute-force, data-exfiltration, botnet, scanning, and backdoor attacks. Hardware-aware simulation on a 100 MHz ARM Cortex--M4 target indicated an energy consumption of 92.3 µJ and a latency of 24.5 ms per inference, with real hardware validation planned as future work. The proposed DyK-CNN-LSTM framework therefore offers a balanced design for accurate, scalable, and energy-aware intrusion detection in medical IoT systems.
subject: Computer Science
  topic: section
subject: Mathematical, Computer & Statistical Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Healthcare IoT
  topic: keywords
subject: Intrusion detection system
  topic: keywords
subject: Dynamic-kernel CNN
  topic: keywords
subject: Bidirectional LSTM
  topic: keywords
subject: Causal pooling
  topic: keywords
subject: Cybersecurity
  topic: subjects
subject: information technology
  topic: subjects
subject: Convolutional Neural Networks
  topic: subjects
subject: intrusion detection system
  topic: subjects
subject: Computer Science
  topic: disciplines
subject: DEPARTMENT OF CYBER SECURITY SCIENCE
  topic: disciplines
subject: Information technology,
  topic: disciplines
creator: Osita Miracle Nwakeze
creator: Naveed Uddin Mohammed
creator: Obaze Caleb Akachukwu
creator: Umerah Anthony Tochukwu
creator: Oji Nkechi Blessing
creator: Ibeh Sylvarine Chinasa
creator: Odeh Christopher
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Osita Miracle Nwakeze, Naveed Uddin Mohammed, Obaze Caleb Akachukwu, Umerah Anthony Tochukwu, Oji Nkechi Blessing, Ibeh Sylvarine Chinasa, Odeh Christopher (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-03
publication date: 2026-06-03
starting page: 3230
ending page: 3230
doi: 10.46481/jnsps.2026.3230

Mathematical model analysis for maize yield under co-infection of maize streak virus and maize stripe virus diseases with control measures
type: item
description: Maize is a staple food for billions of human globally. It is a very important food crop for sustaining global food security, livelihoods, and economic development. Despite the valuable advantages of maize, its optimal production is affected by several challenges, such as climate change, socio-economic factors, sustainable practices, pests, and diseases. A mathematical epidemiological model for maize yield that takes into account the major factors influencing maize yield, such as co-infection of maize streak virus and maize stripe virus, is developed. The essential dynamical features of the model, such as the basic reproduction number, disease-free and endemic equilibria, are determined and analysed. The model is used to investigate how to improve maize yield under several challenging factors, using Nigeria as a case study. By fitting the model to real data on maize yield in Nigeria, possible long-term model predictions on maize yield in Nigeria were obtained, and parameters of the model were also estimated. Numerical simulations using the estimated parameters illustrated how various control interventions, such as the use of modern technologies, controlling of insect vectors etc can improve maize yield significantly. The results of this study are expected to aid farmers and policy-makers to adopt best farming practices that will improve maize yield and consequently assist in achieving food security globally.
subject: Mathematics & Statistics
  topic: section
subject: Mathematical, Computer & Statistical Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Co-infection
  topic: keywords
subject: Maize streak virus
  topic: keywords
subject: Maize stripe virus
  topic: keywords
subject: Maize yield
  topic: keywords
subject: Stability analyses
  topic: keywords
subject: Bio-Maths, Applied maths, Mathematical Epidemiology
  topic: subjects
subject: Mathemaics
  topic: disciplines
creator: Obiora Collins
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Obiora Cornelius Collins (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-21
publication date: 2026-03-21
starting page: 3112
ending page: 3112
doi: 10.46481/jnsps.2026.3112

Hydrophobicity of golden-phase leaves coated with zinc oxide-based nanocomposite for decorative local products
type: item
description: Golden-phase leaves are widely used in decorative crafts and heritage products, yet their susceptibility to moisture limits long-term durability, especially in humid environments. This study investigates the wetting behaviour of zinc oxide (ZnO)-based nanocomposite coatings designed to preserve the hydrophobicity and service life of golden-phase leaves. The uncoated leaf exhibits strong intrinsic water repellency, with a water contact angle of 151°, attributed to hierarchical surface roughness that supports a Cassie–Baxter-like wetting regime. However, probe liquids with lower surface tension show reduced contact angles, indicating partial transitions toward Wenzel-like wetting. To compare three coating formulations, ZnO/chitosan (brush), ZnO/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (spray), and ZnO/chitosan/PVA (spray) were prepared and evaluated. The binary coatings decreased water contact angles to below 85° due to the hydrophilicity of chitosan and PVA. In contrast, the ternary ZnO/chitosan/PVA coating produced a high water contact angle of 136° and an exceptionally low surface free energy of 2.4 mN/m, tend to suppress liquid infiltration. The results demonstrate that the ZnO/chitosan/PVA coating applied by a simple spray process, alters the apparent wetting behavior of a naturally hierarchical biological substrate. This experimental observation of wettability enhancement on a natural surface complex morphology-dominated is relevant to preservation of decorative natural materials.
subject: Chemistry
  topic: section
subject: Chemistry
  topic: category
subject: Golden leaf vine
  topic: keywords
subject: Zinc oxide
  topic: keywords
subject: Hydrophobic coating
  topic: keywords
subject: Surface wettability
  topic: keywords
subject: Contact angle
  topic: keywords
subject: Surface Science
  topic: subjects
subject: Materials Science
  topic: disciplines
creator: Patchara Pholnak
creator: Ratchaneewan Siri
creator: Palakorn Boonsai
creator: Autthaphol Theppaya
creator: Chitnarong Sirisathitkul
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Patchara Pholnak, Ratchaneewan Siri, Palakorn Boonsai, Autthaphol Theppaya, Chitnarong Sirisathitkul (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-28
publication date: 2026-02-28
starting page: 3216
ending page: 3216
doi: 10.46481/jnsps.2026.3216

Effect of a moving thermal load in a modified couple stress medium with double porosity and hyperbolic two-temperature theory
type: item
description: In this study, a two-dimensional thermoelastic problem is investigated within the framework of Modified Couple Stress Theory (MCST) incorporating double porosity and governed by the Hyperbolic Two-Temperature (HTT) model under the influence of a moving thermal source. The governing equations are reformulated in non-dimensional form and potential function techniques are employed to simplify the analysis. By applying normal mode analysis, closed-form analytical expressions are derived for key physical fields including displacement components, stress distributions, equilibrated stress tensors and temperature profiles. Numerical computations are carried out using MATLAB and the effects of the HTT model and the moving thermal load on the thermoelastic response are illustrated through graphical representations. Several particular cases of interest are examined to validate and interpret the model’s behaviour under different physical conditions. The problem finds practical significance in areas such as microelectronics, civil engineering and biomedical devicedesign particularly in areas involving thermal shock.
subject: Mathematics & Statistics
  topic: section
subject: Mathematical, Computer & Statistical Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Modified couple stress
  topic: keywords
subject: Double porosity
  topic: keywords
subject: Hyperbolic two temperature
  topic: keywords
subject: Normal mode analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: geomechanics
  topic: subjects
subject: analytical modeling
  topic: subjects
subject: Applied Mathematics
  topic: subjects
subject: Modified couple stress theory
  topic: subjects
subject: thermoelasticity
  topic: subjects
subject: hyperbolic two-temperature model
  topic: subjects
subject: double porosity
  topic: subjects
subject: Applied Mathematics
  topic: disciplines
subject: Theoretical Mechanics
  topic: disciplines
subject: Geophysics
  topic: disciplines
creator: Pragati
creator: Rajneesh Kumar
creator: Sachin Kaushal
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Pragati, Rajneesh Kumar, Sachin Kaushal (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-01
publication date: 2026-02-01
starting page: 2959
ending page: 2959
doi: 10.46481/jnsps.2026.2959

Factors influencing the thermal stability of HEMA polymer gel dosimeters for clinical radiotherapy
type: item
description: Thermal stability is an essential feature required for practical applicability of gel dosimeters in radiation therapy planning system (TPS). This study pioneers a comprehensive experimental study of various factors that influence thermal stability of Polymer Gel Dosimeters (PGDs) by investigating the impact of gelatin source and its weight fraction (WF), type and WF of antioxidant, presence of maltose as a disaccharide additive, and the storage time post manufacturing, on the thermal properties of 2-hydroxymethyl methacrylate (HEMA) PGD. Results show that in terms of fast gelation and gel strength, gelatin from bovine skin outperforms gelatin from cold water fish, withstanding temperature up to 11 ?C aboves its Tm, and tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride (THPC) outperforms ascorbic acid (AscA), and sample with maltose additive outperforms sample without maltose. The melting rate (Rm) increases with the temperature difference above Tm, and storage time post manufacturing, improves the thermal stability. These findings contribute to the identification of the causes of gel instability and propose the possible solutions that could lead to more accurate assessments and maintenance of dose distribution in three-dimension (3D), and to extend the shelf life of PGDs.
subject: Physics & Astronomy
  topic: section
subject: Physics & Astronomy
  topic: category
subject: 2-hydroxymethyl methacrylate (HEMA)
  topic: keywords
subject: Melting temperature
  topic: keywords
subject: Polymer gel dosimeter
  topic: keywords
subject: Thermal stability
  topic: keywords
subject: applied physics
  topic: subjects
subject: Radiation and Medical Physics
  topic: disciplines
creator: Muhammad Alhassan
creator: Azhar Abdul Rahman
creator: Iskandar Shahrim Mustafa
creator: Kabiru Alhaji Bala
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Alhassan, Azhar Abdul Rahman, Iskandar Shahrim Mustafa, Kabiru Alhaji Bala (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-21
publication date: 2026-03-21
starting page: 3063
ending page: 3063
doi: 10.46481/jnsps.2026.3063

Structural, electronic and optical properties of theFeAs(1-x)La(x) ternary alloys: a first principles calculations
type: item
description: This study investigates the structural, electronic, and optical properties of FeAs(1-x)La(x) alloys (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1) using the FP-LAPW method within the framework of density functional theory (DFT). The lattice parameter, bulk modulus, and its derivative were determined through Murnaghan’s equation of state, revealing deviations from Vegard's law with increasing lanthanum concentration. Analysis of the electronic band structure and refractive indices highlights changes in the band gap, while energy-volume relationships indicate stability in the Zinc-Blende structure. Further exploration of the orthorhombic phase is suggested to confirm the structural properties. Doping FeAs with rare-earth elements introduces significant challenges due to disparities in ionic size, charge, and chemical behavior, yet it can profoundly impact structural, electronic, and superconducting properties such as charge carrier density and lattice parameters. The results emphasize the importance of precise control over doping concentrations and preparation techniques to achieve stable compounds. This theoretical work underscores the potential of FeAs-based materials for advanced applications, paving the way for further experimental validation.
subject: Physics & Astronomy
  topic: section
subject: Physics & Astronomy
  topic: category
subject: FP-LAPW
  topic: keywords
subject: , DFT
  topic: keywords
subject: , FeAs(1-x)La(x)
  topic: keywords
subject: , Ternary alloys
  topic: keywords
subject: , Superconductors
  topic: keywords
subject: WIEN2K.
  topic: keywords
subject: FP-LAPW, DFT, FeAs(1-x)La(x), Ternary alloys, Superconductors,WIEN2K
  topic: subjects
creator: F. L. Kherfane
creator: A. BOUKRAA
creator: B. Beladel
creator: A. Douara
creator: I. E. Tibermacine
creator: A. Rabehi
creator: M. Benghanem
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 F. L. Kherfane, A. BOUKRAA, B. Beladel, A. Douara, I. E. Tibermacine, A. Rabehi, M. Benghanem (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-01
publication date: 2026-02-01
doi: 10.46481/jnsps.2026.2921

Development and validation of hybrid drying kinetics models with finite element method integration for black paper in a v-groove solar dryer
type: item
description: Preserving agricultural products requires drying techniques to avoid spoilage and financial setbacks. Sun drying is unreliable because of changing weather conditions; hybrid solar dryers provide an option. However, it is not easy to forecast the drying process of crops such, as black pepper due to its drying characteristics. This research examines how accurately different models predict the drying process of black pepper in a v Groove Hybrid Solar Dryer using a modeling framework and a Finite Element Method (FEM) inspired approach that is newly developed. Black pepper was dried for four days, with the moisture ratio data collected every 30 minutes from 8 AM to 5 PM. Twenty-seven drying kinetics models were tested on the data, with the Alibus model, Aghbashlo, and Infiltration Approximation models being the three best performers. To improve the accuracy of predictions, a total of 220 hybrid models were created by merging pairs of the 11 best-performing models using a specialized formula based on weights. The analysis indicated that more than thirty (30) hybrid models performed better than single models with Hybrid M28 (combining Logarithmic and Alibus), Hybrid M38 (pairing Lewis and Alibus), and Hybrid M101 (merging Infiltration Approximation and Kaleemullah), showing exceptional results. Furthermore, a model based on FEM was developed and validated using MATLAB and CurveExpert Professional to account for the physical diffusion characteristics. While it demonstrated good alignment with the experimental data, it equally acted as a solid foundation based on physics principles. The results highlighted the capability of combining hybrid and FEM based models to better understand intricate drying patterns in a more efficient way which can lead to improved solar drying system designs with enhanced reliability for future optimization efforts, across various crop types.
subject: Mathematics & Statistics
  topic: section
subject: Mathematical, Computer & Statistical Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Black pepper
  topic: keywords
subject: Solar drying
  topic: keywords
subject: Hybrid drying models
  topic: keywords
subject: Finite element method
  topic: keywords
subject: CurveExpert professional
  topic: keywords
subject: Mathematical modeling
  topic: subjects
subject: Evaluation, Drying kinetics, Black pepper,
  topic: subjects
creator: Ibrahim Adamu Mohammed
creator: Majid Khan Majahar Ali
creator: Sani Rabiu
creator: Raja Aqib Shamim
creator: Shahida Shahnawaz
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Ibrahim Adamu Mohammed, Majid Khan Majahar Ali, Sani Rabiu, Raja Aqib Shamim, Shahida Shahnawaz (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-05
publication date: 2025-10-05
doi: 10.46481/jnsps.2025.2933

Computation of vibrational partition function: a comparative analysis between Poisson summation and classical limit
type: item
description: The computation of partition function (Z) is the bedrock of the study of statistical mechanics as it plays a significant role in the thermodynamic properties (TP) where microscopic properties are connected to macroscopic properties. Several studies have reported TP via the Z using one of the classical limit approach or Poisson summation formula. No study however justifies the agreement or discrepancy between the methods. This study therefore, investigates the two methods for theoretical determination of the vibrational partition function by considering the energy levels of Tietz molecular potential. The first approach employs Poisson summation method with a defined energy levels of the Tietz molecular potential while the second approach adopts the utilization of the classical limit approach with the same energy levels of the Tietz molecular potential. By comparing the results of the two approaches, our result reveals discrepancy between the analytic equations for Z. However, the numerical results obtained for the thermal properties of NaBr and CuCl molecules showed a perfect agreement between the two approaches and the experimental data with the results from classical limit approach closer to the experimental data. This study therefore, provides guidelines for choosing the appropriate approach based on the characteristics of the system under study for theoretical research.
subject: Physics & Astronomy
  topic: section
subject: Physics & Astronomy
  topic: category
subject: Thermodynamic properties
  topic: keywords
subject: Entropy
  topic: keywords
subject: Enthalpy
  topic: keywords
subject: Gibbs free energy
  topic: keywords
creator: CLEMENT ATACHEGBE Onate
creator: I. B. Okon
creator: E. S. Eyube
creator: E. Omugbe
creator: A. D. Ahmed
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 C.A. Onate, I.B. Okon, E.S. Eyube, E. Omugbe, A.D. Ahmed (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-01
publication date: 2026-02-01
starting page: 2834
ending page: 2834
doi: 10.46481/jnsps.2026.2834

Onchocerciasis control via Caputo-Fabrizio fractional dynamics: a focus on early treatment and vector management strategies
type: item
description: The socio-economic burdens of onchocerciasis have prompted the formulation of several mathematical models to better comprehend the epidemic. However, existing models either use integer-order derivatives, which often do not capture the memory and non-local effects seen in infectious diseases, or fractional order with singularity kernels, which may inadequately represent memory effects due to their singularity kernels. Onchocerciasis has a prolonged incubation and slow progression, making past conditions impactful on the disease's current and future course. Fractional derivatives effectively capture this memory effect, providing a more realistic depiction of the infection dynamics than integer-order models. We propose a non-local, non-singular exponential kernel fractional-order onchocerciasis model in the Caputo-Fabrizio fractional derivative sense to capture the disease's memory effects. Our model incorporates early treatment of exposed individuals as a critical intervention parameter, and vector management strategies are also incorporated. Using fixed-point theorem and iterative methods, we establish the existence and uniqueness of solutions, derive conditions for onchocerciasis-free and endemic equilibrium points, and analyze their stability, confirming the model's biological feasibility. Numerical simulations are conducted using a three-step fractional Adams-Bashforth method. Sensitivity analyses indicate that vector management and early treatment effectively reduce the effective reproduction number, while increases in the human-to-vector contact rate elevate it. Numerical results demonstrate that early treatment and vector management can significantly control onchocerciasis. The fractional-order "memory effect" highlights the importance of continuous monitoring and consistent application of control measures to reduce the memory index and curb onchocerciasis prevalence over time.
subject: Mathematics & Statistics
  topic: section
subject: Mathematical, Computer & Statistical Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Caputo-Fabrizio fractional derivative
  topic: keywords
subject: Existence
  topic: keywords
subject: Stability
  topic: keywords
subject: Fractional Adams-Bashforth Numerical scheme
  topic: keywords
subject: Onchocerciasis model
  topic: keywords
subject: Applied Mathematics
  topic: subjects
subject: Infectious disease modeling
  topic: disciplines
creator: Nanle Tanko Danat
creator: Farah Aini Abdullah
creator: Majid K.M Ali
creator: Matthew O. Adewole
creator: James Andrawus
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Danat Nanle Tanko, Farah Aini Abdullah, Majid K. M Ali, Matthew O. Adewole, James Andrawus (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-01
publication date: 2026-02-01
starting page: 2942
ending page: 2942
doi: 10.46481/jnsps.2026.2942