Assessing leachate contamination and groundwater vulnerability in urban dumpsites: a case study of the Ipata Area, Ilorin, Nigeria

Authors

  • N. K. Olasunkanmi Physics and Materials Science Department, Kwara State University, Malete. Nigeria
  • D. T. Ogundele Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry Department, Kwara State University, Malete. Nigeria
  • V. T. Olayemi Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry Department, Kwara State University, Malete. Nigeria
  • W. A. Yahya Physics and Materials Science Department, Kwara State University, Malete. Nigeria
  • A. R. Olasunkanmi Department of Environmental Impact Assessment and Management, School of Environmental, Education and Development, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
  • Z. O. Yusuf Physics and Materials Science Department, Kwara State University, Malete. Nigeria
  • S. A. Aderoju Department of Statistics and Mathematics, Kwara State University, Nigeria

Keywords:

Leachate contamination, Soil classification, Sustainable waste management, Groundwater quality monitoring

Abstract

This study explores the extent of leachate contamination and groundwater vulnerability in urban dumpsites, with a specific focus on the Ipata area in Ilorin, Nigeria. The study employs a combination of 2D Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT), soil classification, and physicochemical analyses to investigate the percolation of leachate into groundwater and its potential environmental and health implications. The ERT data unveiled subsurface layers, highlighting the presence of decomposed topsoil down to approximately 1.2m. Beneath this layer, a low-resistivity zone (6.53 to 10.7 ?m) indicated the potential risk of leachate percolation into groundwater. Soil classification revealed a shallow topsoil layer with insufficient clay content to hinder leachate penetration, emphasizing the need for enhanced containment measures. Physicochemical analysis of leachate, well water, and soil displayed variations in key parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, and anion concentrations. Leachate exhibited high pH and electrical conductivity, suggesting elevated total dissolved solids, while well water remained within acceptable pH limits for drinking water. Heavy metal concentrations exceeded permissible WHO limits in topsoil, leachate, and well water, with cadmium presenting a high ecological risk. The absence of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the samples indicates a current focus on heavy metals as a primary concern. In conclusion, this study underscores the urgent need for proactive pollution abatement measures in urban dumpsites like Ipata. Regular monitoring of surface and groundwater quality is essential to safeguard public health and the environment.

Dimensions

S. Mor, & K. Ravindra, “Leachate characterization and assessment of groundwater pollution near municipal solid waste landfill site”, Environ. Monitor & Assess 118 (2006) 435. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-006-1505-7.

V. Naudet, J. Gourry, J. Girard, F. Mathieu, & A. Saada, “3D electrical resistivity tomography to locate DNAPL contamination around a housing estate,” Near surface Geophysics bf12 (2013) 351. https://doi.org/10.3997/18730604.2012059.

K. D. Oyeyemi, A. P. Aizebeokhia, A.N. Ede, O.J. Rotimi, O. A. Sanuade, O.M. Olofinnade, O.A. Akhaguere, & O. Attat, “Investigating the near surface leachate movement open dumpsite using surficial ERT method,” IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. 640 (2019) 012109. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/640/1/012109.

F. Parvin, & S. M. Tareq, “Impact of landfill leachate contamination on surface and groundwater of Bangladesh: a systematic review and possible public health risks assessment,” Appl Water Sci 11 (2021) 100. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-021-01431-3.

G. Badmus, O. Ogungbemi, O. Enuiyin, J. Adeyeye, & A. Ogunyemi, “Delineation of leachate plume migration and appraisal of heavy metals in groundwater around Emirin dumpsite, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria,” Scientific African 17 (2022) e01308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01308.

J. Zume, A. Tarhule, & S. Christenson, “Subsurface imaging of an abandoned solid waste landfill site in Norman, Oklahoma,” Groundwater Monitoring and Remediation 26 (2006) 62. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.17456592.2006.00066.x

O. Osinowo, & A. Olayinka, “Very low frequency electromagnetic (VLFEM) and electrical resistivity (ER) investigation for groundwater potential evaluation in a complex geological terrain around Ijebu-ode transition zone, Southwestern Nigeria,” J. Geophy. & Eng. 9 (2012) 374.https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-2132/9/4/374.

N. K. Olasunkanmi, Z. M. Usman, & A. A. Jimoh, “Investigation of groundwater quality around municipal waste disposal site in Malete southwestern Nigeria,” Arabian Journal of Geosciences 16 (2023) 273. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-023-11359-4.

A. Macdonald, H. Bonsor, E. Dochartah, & R. Tailor, “Quantitative map of groundwater resources in Africa,” Environ. Res. Lett. 7 (2012) 024009. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/7/2/024009.

C. Bernstone & T. Dahlin, “DC resistivity mapping of old landfills: two case studies,” Eur. J. Environ. Eng. Geophys. 2 (1997) 121. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/290694802_DC_resistivity_mapping_of_old_landfills_Two_case_studies

C. Bernstone, T. Dahlin, T. Ohisso, & W. Hogland, “DC resistivity mapping of internal Landfill structure: two pre-excavation surveys,” Environmental Geology 39 (2000) 360. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002540050015.

A. Sina, N. Reyhaneh, Z. Amin, F. Hassan, & G. Reza, “Experimental investigation of correlations between electrical resistivity, moisture content and voltage values for leachate contaminated clayey sand,” Journal of Applied Geophysics 193 (2021) 104391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2021.104391.

M. A. Adabanija, “Spatio-temporal monitoring of leachates dispersion beneath a solid wastes dump in a basement complex of southwestern Nigeria,” Journal of Applied Geophysics 210 (2023) 104953. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2023.104953.

A. Binley, G. Cassiani, R. Middleton, & P. Winship, “Vadose zone flow model parameterisation using cross-borehole radar and resistivity imaging,” Journal of Hydrology 267 (2002) 147. https://doi.org/10.1016/S00221694(02)00146-4.

S. K. Sandberg, L. D. Slater, & R. Versteeg, “An integrated geophysical investigation of the hydrogeology of an anisotropic unconfined aquifer,” Journal of Hydrology 267 (2002) 227. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00146-4.

I. Abdulganiyu, A. A. Olukole, L. U. John, C.A. Nelson, & O. O. Raheemat, “Detection of groundwater level and heavy metal contamination: A case study of Olubunku dumpsite and environs, Ede North, Southwestern Nigeria,” Journal of African Earth Sciences 197 (2022) 104740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2022.104740.

W. Daily, A. Ramirez, & R. Johnson, “Electrical impedance tomography of a perchloroethylene release,” Journal of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics 2 (1998) 189. https://doi.org/10.2172/461374.

B. J. M. Goes, & J. A. C. Meekes, “An effective electrode configuration for the detection of DNAPLs with electrical resistivity tomography,” Journal of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics 9 (2004) 127. https://doi.org/10.4133/JEEG9.3.127.

K. Reddy, H., Hettiarachchi, N. Parakalla, &J. Gangathulasi, J. “Geotechnical Properties of Fresh Municipal Solid waste at Orchard Hills Landfill, USA,” Waste Management 29 (2008) 952. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2008.05.011.

L. De Carlo, M. Perri, M. Caputo, R. Deiana, M. Vurro, & G. Cassiani, “Characterization of a dismissed landfill via electrical resistivity tomography and mise-a‘-lamasse method,” J. Appl Geophys 98 (2013) 1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2013.07.010.

C. Moreira, A. Braga, L. Godoy, & D. Sardinha. “Relationship between age of waste and natural electric potential generation in sanitary landfill,” Geof?sica Int. 52 (2013) 375.

E. A Ayolabi, L. B. Oluwatosin, & C D. Ifekwuna, “Integrated geophysical and physiochemical assessment of Olushosun sanitary landfill site, southwest Nigeria,” Arab J. Geoscience, 8 (2015) 4101. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-014-1486-8.

S. Park, Y. Myeong-jong, & K .K. Jung-HoSeung-Wook, “Electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) monitoring for groundwater contamination in an uncontrolled landfill, South Korea,” Geophysics J Applied Geophysics 135 (2016) 1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2016.07.004.

A. Arato, M. Wehrer, & B. Bir´o,. et al. “Integration of geophysical, geochemical and microbiological data for a comprehensive small-scale characterization an aged LNAPL-contaminated site,” Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 21 (2014) 8948. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-2171-2.

O. Igwe, E. J. Adepehin, & J. O. Adepehin, “Integrated geochemical and microbiological approach to water quality assessment: case study of the Enyigba metallogenic province, South-eastern Nigeria,” Environ Earth Sci 74 (2015) 3251. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-015-4363-1.

S. A. Ganiyu, B. S. Badmus, & M. A. Oladunjoye, et al. “Assessment of groundwater contamination around active dumpsite in Ibadan southwestern Nigeria using integrated electrical resistivity and hydrochemical methods,” Environ Earth Sci 75 (2016), 643. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-016-5463-2.

S. U. Eze, D. O. Ogagarue, & S. L. Nnorom, et al.” “Integrated geophysical and geochemical methods for environmental assessment of subsurface hydrocarbon contamination,” Environ Monit Assess 193 (2021) 451. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-021-09219-3.

O. O, Okoyomon, H. A. Kadir, Z. U. Zango, U. Saidu, & S. A. Nura, “Physicochemical composition and heavy metal determination of selected industrial effluents of Ibadan city, Nigeria,” Open Journals of Environmental Research (OJER) 2 (2021) 58. https://doi.org/10.52417/ojer.v2i2.270.

N. G. Obaje, “Geology and mineral resources of Nigeria,” Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences, Springer Berlin, Heidelberg 2009, pp. 115-115. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-92685-6.

M. Loke, & R. Barker, “Rapid least-squares inversion of apparent resistivity pseudosections by a quasi-Newton method. Geophysics Prospect,” 44 (1996) 131. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1996.tb00142.x.

L. Hakanson, “An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control. A sedimentological approach,” Water Research 14 (1980) 975. https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(80)90143-8.

D.P.R. “Department of petroleum resources, Lagos, Nigeria” 1980. https://dpr.gov.ng/index.php.1980.

K. K. Turekian, & K. H. Wedepohl. “Distribution of the elements in some major units of the Earth’s crust,” Bulletin of Geological Society of America 72 (1961) 175. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1961)72[175:DOTEIS]2.0.CO;2

S. S. Dada, I. A. Tubosun, J. R. Lancelot, A. U. Lar, “Late Archaean U-Pb age for the Reactivated Basement of Northeastern Nigeria,” Journal of African Earth Science 16 (1993) 405. https://doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(93)90099-C.

Ohiagu F.O., Lele K.C., Chikezie P.C. et al. “Pollution Profile and Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals from Dumpsites in Onne, Rivers State,” Nigeria Chemistry Africa 4 (2021) 207. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42250-020-00198-5.

A. Alahabadi, & H. Malvandi, “Contamination and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals and metalloids in surface sediments of the Tajan River, Iran,” Marine Pollution Bulletin 133 (2018) 741. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.06.030.

D. L. Tomlinson, J. G. Wilson, C. R. Harris, et al. “Problems in the assessment of heavy-metal levels in estuaries and the formation of a pollution index,” Helgolander Meeresunters 33 (1980) 566. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02414780.

G. Muller, “Index of geoaccumulation in sediments of the Rhine River,” Geo Journal 2 (1969) 108. https://www.scienceopen.com/document?vid=4b875795-5729-4c05-9813951e2ca488.

G. Muller, “Heavy metals in the sediment of the Rhine-changes seity,” Umschau inWissens chaft Und Technik 79 (1979) 778–783. https://www.scirp.org/reference/ReferencesPapers?ReferenceID=1340468.

E. Orellana-Mendoza, R. R. Acevedo, C. H. Huam´an, Y. M. Zamora, M.C. Bastos, & H. Loardo-Tovar, “Ecological Risk Assessment for Heavy Metals in Agricultural Soils Surrounding Dumps, Huancayo Province, Peru,” Journal of Ecological Engineering 23 (2022) 75. https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/147809.

J. Hilton,W. Davison, & U. Ochsenbein. “A mathematical model for analysis of sediment coke data,” Chem Geol 48 (1985) 281. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(85)90053-1.

A. Enuneku, E. Biose, & L. Ezemonye, “Levels, distribution, characterization and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in roadside soils and earthworms from urban high traffic areas in Benin metropolis, Southern Nigeria,” Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 5 (2017) 2773. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2017.05.019.

M. B. Sulaiman, K. Salawu, & A. U. Barambu, “Assessment of concentrations and ecological risk of heavy metals at resident and remediated soils of uncontrolled mining site at Dareta Village, Zamfara, Nigeria,” J Appl Sci Environ Manag 23 (2019) 187. https://doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v23i1.28.

B. Mugosa, D. Durovic, N. Vukovic, M. S. Barjaktarovic’-Labovic, & M. Vrvic, “Assessment of ecological risk of heavy metal contamination in coastal municipalities of Montenegro,” Int J Environ Res Public Health 13 (2016) 393. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13040393.

Vertical pitting showing near-surface lithologic sequence beneath Ipata Market dumpsite around the dumpsite, non-degradable waste materials (topsoil), and near-surface leachate.

Published

2024-04-21

How to Cite

Assessing leachate contamination and groundwater vulnerability in urban dumpsites: a case study of the Ipata Area, Ilorin, Nigeria. (2024). Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences, 6(2), 1889. https://doi.org/10.46481/jnsps.2024.1889

Issue

Volume 6, Issue 2, May 2024

Section

Earth Sciences
Copyright & Licensing

Copyright (c) 2024 N. K. Olasunkanmi, D. T. Ogundele, V. T. Olayemi, W. A. Yahya, A. R. Olasunkanmi, Z. O. Yusuf, S. A. Aderoju

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Assessing leachate contamination and groundwater vulnerability in urban dumpsites: a case study of the Ipata Area, Ilorin, Nigeria. (2024). Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences, 6(2), 1889. https://doi.org/10.46481/jnsps.2024.1889