Effect of benzophenone on the physicochemical properties of N-CNTs synthesized from 1-ferrocenylmethyl (2-methylimidazole) catalyst
Authors
- Ayomide Labulo Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lafia, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
- Elijah Temitope Adesuji Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lafia, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
- Charles Ojiefoh Oseghale Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lafia, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
- Elias Emeka Elemike Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Petroleum, Nigeria
- Adamu Usman
- Akinola Kehinde Akinola Department of Chemistry Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
- Enock Olugbenga Dare Department of Chemistry Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
Keywords:
Chemical vapour deposition, nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes, 1-ferrocenylmethyl(2-methylimidazole), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopyAbstract
Vertically-aligned nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (v-N-CNTs) were synthesized \textit{via} the chemical vapour deposition (CVD) technique. 1-ferrocenylmethyl(2-methylimidazole) was employed as the source of the Fe catalyst and was dissolved in different ratios of acetonitrile/benzophenone feedstock which served as both the carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen sources. The morphological difference in N-CNTs was as a result of increased oxygen concentration in the reaction mix and not due to water vapour formation as observed in the oxygen-free experiment, indicating specifically, the impact of oxygen. Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed surface defects and grafting of oxygen functional groups on the sidewall of N-CNTs. The FTIR data showed little or no effect as oxygen concentration increases. XPS analysis detected the type of nitrogen species (\textit{i.e.} pyridinic, pyrrolic, graphitic, or molecular nitrogen forms) incorporated in the N-CNT samples. Pyrrolic nitrogen was dominant and increased (from 8.6 to 11.8 at.\%) as oxygen concentration increases in the reaction precursor. An increase in N content was observed with the introduction of a lower concentration of oxygen, followed by a gradual decrease at higher oxygen concentration. Our result suggested that effective control of the reactant mixtures can manipulate the morphology of N-CNTs.
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