Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution Status in Surface Soil of a Nigerian University

Authors

  • M. A. Lala
    Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
  • S. Kawu
    Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
  • O. A. Adesina
    Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
  • J. A. Sonibare
    Department of Chemical Engineering Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria

Keywords:

Contamination indices, Ecological risk assessment, Multivariate techniques, Afe-Babalola University

Abstract

The problem of urban soil contamination with heavy metals due to rapid urbanization and industrialization has been a major concern in recent years. A university can be considered as a product of industrialization and urbanization which is associated with different activities that may induce heavy metals pollution into the environment. Therefore, this research work assessed the contamination level of chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) in surface soils of Afe-Babalola university (ABUAD) using various indices. Soil samples were taken from ten (10) different functional sites in the university. These samples were taken to the laboratory and analyzed for chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) using standard method. The mean concentrations of copper (Cu), chromium (Cr) and lead (Pb) were up to 0.75, 0.66 and 0.36 mg/g respectively, while manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) were 1.37 and 0.49 mg/g respectively. The average    concentration of manganese (Mn) was comparable to its corresponding natural background value, but the average concentration of chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb) were higher. They were approximately of the ratio 1:7, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:2 respectively compared to their corresponding natural background value. The multivariate statistical analyses indicated that vehicles, power generating sets, petrol station, machine workshops, production plants and emissions from outdoor roasted food spots were the major sources of heavy metals contamination on the universitys’ soil. The results from contamination indices and assessment showed that the contamination level of soils within the university can generally be classified as moderately contaminated. Therefore, periodic assessment of the sources and associated ecological risks of the heavy metals is highly recommended. This is to enable decision-makers to effectively manage the environment in the manner that will preserve public and ecosystem health.

Dimensions

P. B. Tchounwou, C. G. Yedjou, A. K. Patlolla & D. J. Sutton, “Heavy metals toxicity and the environment”, NIH-RCMI Center for Environmental Health, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, EXS. 101 (2014) 133, https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7643-8340-4 6.

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for Lead, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, (2007).

R. K. Gautam, S. K. Sharma, S. Mahiyab & M. C. Chattopadhyaya, “Heavy metals in water: presence, removal and safety”, Royal Society of Chemistry (2014), https://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781782620174-00001.

A. Kabata- Pendia, Trace Elements in Soils and Plants (3rd edition), CRC Press; Boca Raton, FL (2001).

J. L. Hamelink, P. F. Landrum, B. L. Harold & B. H. William, “Bioavailability: Physical, Chemical, and Biological Interactions”, Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Inc, (1994)

J. A. Verkleji, “The e ects of heavy metals stress on higher plants and their use as biomonitors in Plant as Bioindicators: Indicators of Heavy Metals in the Terrestrial Environment”, Markert, B., editor. New York: VCH (1993) 415.

Z. L. He, X. E. Yang & P. J. Sto ella, “Trace elements in agro ecosystems and impacts on the environment”, J Trace Elem Med Biol. 19 (2005) 125.

H. Bradl, Heavy Metals in the Environment: Origin, interaction and remediation, Academic Press, London (2002).

S. K. Pal & R. Roy, “Evaluating heavy metals emission’ pattern on road influenced by urban road layout” Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives 10 (2021) 100362.

I. O. Olowofila, “Assessment of heavy metals concentrations around automobile mechanic workshops in Ilaro, Ogun State”, International Journal of Women in Technical Education and Employment (IJOWITED) 2 (2021).

M. Dogra, M. Sharma, A. Sharma, A. Keshavarzi, R. Minakshi, Bhardwaj, A. K. Thukral & V. Kumar, “Pollution assessment and spatial distribution of roadside agricultural soils: a case study from India”, International Journal of Environmental Health Research (2019) 1369, https://doi.org/10.1080/09603123.2019.1578865.

D. Y. Shinggu, “Analysis of roadside dust for heavy metal pollutants in Jimeta/Yola, Adamawa State”, International Research Journal of Pure & Applied Chemistry 4 (2014) 670.

M. L. Benhaddya, M. & Hadjel, “Spatial distribution and contamination assessment of heavy metals in surface soils of Hassi Messaoud”, Environ Earth Sci. (2013), https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12665-013-2552-3.

C. Li, F. Y. Lu, Y. Zhang, T. W. Liu & W. Hou, “Spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metals in street dust in Shenyang city”, Ecol Environ. 17 (2008) 560.

T. B. Chen, Y. M. Zheng, M. Lei, Z. C. Huang & H. T. Wu, “Assessment of heavy metal pollution in surface soils of urban parks in Beijing, China”, Chemosphere 60 (2005) 542.

R. A. Wuana & F. E. Okieimen, “Heavy metals in contaminated soils: a review of sources, chemistry, risks and best available strategies for remediation”, International Scholarly Research Network, ISRN Ecology 2011 (2011), https://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/402647.

T. A. Kirpichtchikova, A. Manceau, L. Spadini, F. Panfili, M. A. Marcus & T. Jacquet, “Speciation and solubility of heavy metals in contaminated soil using X-ray microfluorescence, EXAFS spectroscopy, chemical extraction, and thermodynamic modelling”, Geochim Cosmochim Acta 70

(2006) 2163.

V. M. Ngole-Jeme, “Heavy metals in soils along unpaved roads in south west Cameroon: Contamination levels and health risks”, Ambio. 45 (2015) 374, https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-015-0726-9.

X. Xinghui, C. Xi, L. Ruimin & L. Hong, “Heavy metals in urban soils with various types of land use in Beijing, China”, J Hazard Mater. 186 (2011) 2043.

S. Rodrigues, M. E. Pereira, L. Sarabando, L. Lopes, A. Cachada & A. Duarte, “Spatial distribution of total Hg in urban soils from an Atlantic coastal city (Aveiro, Portugal)”, Sci Total Environ. 368 (2006) 40.

A. A. Adebayo, J. T Jayoye, F. Adejoro, I. O. Ilemobayo & L. Labunmi, “Heavy metal pollution of auto-mechanic workshop soils within Okitipupa, Ondo State, Nigeria”, Academia Journal of Environmental Science 5 (2017) 215, https://dx.doi.org/10.15413/ajes.2017.0131.

I. A. Ololade, “An Assessment of heavy-metal contamination in soils within auto-mechanic workshops using enrichment and contamination factors with geoaccumulation indexes”, Journal of Environmental Protection 5 (2014) 970, http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jep.2014.511098.

M. A. Lala, O. A. Adesina, A. S. Yusu , L. A. Jimoda & J. A. Sonibare, “Air quality index pattern of criteria air pollutants around a haulage truck stop”, Petroleum & Coal. 60 (2018) 1072.

J. O. Coker, A. A. Rafiu, N. N. Abdulsalam, A. S. Ogungbe, A. A. Olajide & A. J. Agbelemoge, “Investigation of groundwater contamination from Akanran open waste dumpsite, Ibadan, south-western Nigeria, using geoelectrical and geochemical techniques’, Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences 3 (2021) 89, https://doi.org/10.46481/jnsps.2021.166.

G. M. S. Abrahim & P. J. Parker, “Assessment of heavy metal enrichment factors and the degree of contamination in marine sediment from Tamaki Estuary, Auckland, New Zealand”, Environ. Monit. Assess. 136 (2008) 227.

B. Rubio, M. A. Nombela & F. Vilas, “Geochemistry of major and trace elements in sediments of the Ria de Vigo (NW Spain): an assessment of metal pollution”, Marine Pollution Bulletin 40 (2000) 968, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(00)00039-4.

S. R. Taylor, “Abundance of chemical elements in the continental crust: a new table”, Geochim Cosmochim Acta 28 (1964)1273–1285.

I. A. Ololade, L. Lajide & I. A. Amoo, “Enrichment of heavy metals in sediments as pollution indicator of the aquatic ecosystem”, Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 50 (2007) 27.

S. E. Kakulu, “Heavy Metals in the Niger Delta: Impact of Petroleum Industry on the Baseline Levels”, Ph.D. Thesis University of Ibadan, Ibadan (1985).

P. M. Chapman & F. Wang, “Assessing sediment contamination in Estuaries”, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 20 (2001) 3, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620200102.

P. Zsefer, G. P. Glasby, K. Sefer, J. Pempkowiak & R. Kaliszan, “Heavymetal pollution in superficial sediments from the Southern Baltic sea off Poland 31 (1996) 2723.

G. A. Birth, A scheme for assessing human impacts on coastal aquatic environments using sediments, Wollongong University Papers in Centre for Maritime Policy, Wollongong 14 (2003).

G. Muller, “The heavy metal pollution of the sediments of Neckars and its tributary: a stock taking”, Chemiker-Zeitung. 105 (1981) 157.

L. Hakanson, “An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control—a sediment ecological approach”, Water Res. 14 (1980) 975.

G. O. Duodu, A. Goonetilleke & G. A. Ayoko, “Comparison of pollution indices for the assessment of heavy metal in Brisbane River sediment”, Environ Pollut. 219 (2016) 107, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.09.008.

T. M. Chiroma, R. O. Ebewele & F. K. Hymore, “Comparative assessement of heavy metal levels in soil, vegetables and urban grey waste water used for irrigation in Yola and Kano”, International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) 3 (2014) 01.

D. Arenas-Lago, F. A. Vega, L. F. Silva & M. L. Andrade, “Copper distribution in surface and subsurface soil horizons”, Environ Sci Pollut Res. 21 (2014) 10997.

L. Cai, Z. Xu, P. Bao, M. He, L. Dou, L, Chen, Y. Zhou & Y. G. Zhu, “Multivariate and geostatistical analyses of the spatial distribution and source of arsenic and heavy metals in the agricultural soils

in Shunde, Southeast China”, J Geochem Explor. 148 (2015) 189, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2014.09.010.

W. Wilcke, S. Muller, N. Kanchanakool & W. Zech, “Urban soil contamination

in Bangkok: heavy metal and aluminium partitioning in top soils”, Geoderma 86 (1998) 211.

E. De Miguel, M. Jimenez de Grado, J. F. Llamas, A. Mart{n-Dorado & L. F. Mazadiego, “The overlooked contribution of compost application to the trace element load in the urban soil of Madrid (Spain)”, Sci Total Environ. 215 (1998) 113.

X. D. Li, S. L. Lee, S. C. Wong, W. Z. Shi, & I. Thornton, “The study of metal contamination in urban soils of Hong Kong using a GIS based approach”, Environ Pollut. 129 (2004) 11.

K. A. Basheeru, H. K. Okoro, F. A. Adekola & N. Abdussalam, “Mobility and sequential extraction of potentially toxic elements in sediment of Lagos lagoon”, Chemistry-Africa. Published by Springer International Publishing (2021), (Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019).

H. K. Okoro, J. O. Ige, O. A. Iyiola & J. C. Ngila,” Fractionation profile, mobility patterns and correlations of heavy metals in estuary sediments from Olonkoro River, in tede catchment of western region, Nigeria”, Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring & Management. Published

by Elsevier Inc., Science Direct Academic Press 8 (2017) 53, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enmm.2017.04.003.

H. D. Sharma & K. R. Reddy, Geo-environmental engineering: site remediation, waste containment and emerging waste management technologies, John Wiley, New Jersey (2004).

P. K. Hopke, R. E. Lamb & D. F. S. Natusch, “Multi-elemental characterization of urban roadway dust”, Environmental Science and Technology 14 (1980) 164.

Q. M. Jaradat & K. A. Momani, “Contamination of roadside soil, plants and air with Heavy metals in Jordan, a comparative study”, Turkish Journal of Chemistry 23 (1999) 209.

A. P. Davis, M. Shokouhian & S. Ni, “Loading estimates of lead, copper, cadmium, and zinc in urban runoff from specific sources” Chemosphere 44 (2001) 997.

J. Nouri & K. D. Naghipour, “Qualitative and quantitative study of heavy metals in runo of highways of Tehran”, Iranian Journal of Public Heallth 31 (2002) 1.

J. Sternbeck, A. Sjodin & K. Andreasson, “Metal emissions from road traffic and the influence of resuspension: Results from two tunnel studies”, Atmospheric Environment 36 (2002) 4735.

I. Oguntimehin & K. O. Ipinmoroti, “Profile of heavy metals from automobile workshops in Akure, Nigeria”, J. Eviron. Sci. Technol. 1 (2008) 19.

J. N. Ugwu, C. O. B. Okoye & C. N. Ibeto, “Impacts of vehicle emissions and ambient atmospheric deposition in Nigeria on the Pb, Cd, and Ni content of fermented cassava flour processed by sun-drying”, Human and Ecologic Risk Assessment 17 (2011) 478.

S. P. Raj & P. A. Ram, “Determination and contamination assessment of Pb, Cd, and Hg in roadside dust along Kathmandu- Bhaktapur road section of Arniko Highway, Nepal”, Research Journal of the Chemical Sciences 3 (2013) 18.

M. A. Nwachukwu, H. Feng & J. Alinnor, “Trace metal deposition in soil from auto-mechanic village to urban residential areas in Owerri, Nigeria”, Proc. Environ. Sci. 4 (2011) 310.

H. K. Okoro, O. T. Ogunsemoyin & A. A. Mohammed, “Assessment of heavy metal pollution on roadside dusts from selected locations in Ilorin, Nigeria using AAS techniques”, Adamawa State University Journal of Scientific Research 04 (2016) 1.

C. S. Lee, X. D. Li, W. Z. Shi, S. C. Cheung & I. Thornton, “Metal contamination in urban, suburban, and country park soils of Hong Kong: a study based on GIS and multivariate statistics”, Sci Total Environ. 356 (2006) 45.

Y. M. Zheng, T. B. Chen & J. Z. He, “Multivariate geostatistical analysis of heavy metals in topsoils from Beijing, China”, J Soil Sediment 8 (2008) 51.

W. S. Lee, G. P. Chang-Chien, L. C. Wang, W. J. Lee, P. J. Tsai, K. Y. Wu & C. Lin, “Source identification of PCDD/fs for various atmospheric environments in a highly industrialized city”, Environ Sci Technol. 38 (2004) 4937.

Published

2022-08-15

How to Cite

Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution Status in Surface Soil of a Nigerian University. (2022). Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences, 4(3), 887. https://doi.org/10.46481/jnsps.2022.887

Issue

Volume 4, Issue 3, August 2022

Section

Original Research
Copyright & Licensing

Copyright (c) 2022 M. A. Lala, S. Kawu, O. A. Adesina, J. A. Sonibare

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution Status in Surface Soil of a Nigerian University. (2022). Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences, 4(3), 887. https://doi.org/10.46481/jnsps.2022.887

Similar Articles

1-10 of 414

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.

Most read articles by the same author(s)