Kaluza–Klein cosmological model with Tsallis holographic dark energy in f (R, T) gravity

K. P. S. Suryanarayan; K. V. S. Sireesha; R. Sathibabu

doi:10.46481/jnsps.2026.3611

Authors

K. P. S. Suryanarayan
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, GSS, GITAM Deemed to be University, Visakhapatnam, India
K. V. S. Sireesha
[email protected]

Department of Mathematics and Statistics, GSS, GITAM Deemed to be University, Visakhapatnam, India
R. Sathibabu
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, GSS, GITAM Deemed to be University, Visakhapatnam, India

Keywords:

Kaluza–Klein metric, Tsallis holographic dark energy, Cosmology, Dark energy, f (R, T) gravity

Abstract

In this study, we analyze a cosmological model based on Tsallis Holographic Dark Energy (THDE) in Kaluza--Klein (KK) spacetime within f(R,T) gravity. Exact solutions to the field equations are derived, and the evolution of the deceleration parameter, energy density, pressure, and equation-of-state (EoS) parameter as functions of redshift is investigated. The model exhibits continuous accelerated expansion, characterized by a negative deceleration parameter throughout the considered redshift range. Here, lambda is the constant associated with the adopted deceleration-parameter parametrization and controls the evolution of the Hubble and deceleration parameters, thereby determining the expansion dynamics of the model. The statefinder analysis shows that the model evolves toward the Lambda cold dark matter (LambdaCDM) fixed point and approaches it asymptotically in the future. Furthermore, the null, weak, and dominant energy conditions (NEC, WEC, and DEC) are satisfied, whereas the strong energy condition (SEC) is violated, consistent with the accelerated expansion of the Universe. The stability of the model is assessed independently using the effective squared speed of sound, which indicates classical instability for the considered parameter set. Overall, the model provides an analytical framework for investigating late-time cosmic acceleration in f(R,T) gravity, while its perturbative and observational viability requires further investigation.

Dimensions

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