New fractional Hermite–Hadamard and Fejér inequalities involving special functions with applications to numerical quadrature rules
Keywords:
Gamma and Beta functions, Interval-valued Katugampola fractional integrals, Hermite–Hadamard and Fejér inequalities, Interval-valued convex mappings, Numerical quadratureAbstract
The principal objective of this article is to establish new and refined variants of Hermite--Hadamard- and Fej'{e}r-type integral inequalities in the interval-valued setting by exploiting the auxiliary transformed mapping mathcal{G}(s) := mathcal{F}(s^{1/rho}). This transformation preserves convexity and facilitates the systematic application of fractional integral techniques over a suitably rescaled domain through the Katugampola fractional operator. The resulting bounds are expressed explicitly in terms of the Gamma function, which enriches the analytical structure of the inequalities and yields sharper and more precise estimates than existing results. The validity and applicability of the theoretical findings are demonstrated through nontrivial illustrative examples and detailed remarks, and several previously known inequalities are recovered as limiting cases under suitable parameter configurations. As a further application, the derived inequalities are used to construct inclusion-type error estimates for numerical quadrature rules, with particular emphasis on the trapezoidal rule applied to interval-valued functions in the Katugampola fractional framework.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Haitham Qawaqneh, Waqar Afzal, Mujahid Abbas, Muhammad Tariq, Mehreen Shehzadi Khan, Siegfried Macías, Jorge E. Macías-Díaz, Hijaz Ahmad, Waleed Mohammed Abdelfattah (Author)

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