A Study of the Relationship Between Southward Bz > -10 nT and Storm Time Disturbance Index During Solar Cycle 23

T. W. David; Bolarinwa Adekoya; Chizurumoke Michael; Sofiat Adekoya; Omolara Adenuga; Semiu Kareem; Hamid Oladunjoye; Abayomi Ajetunmobi; Oyindamola Williams; Damilola Ogundele

doi:10.46481/jnsps.2022.620

Authors

T. W. David
[email protected]

Department of Physics, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6589-2930
B. J. Adekoya
Department of Physics, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1443-5510
C. M. Michael
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3248-5730
S. A. Adekoya
Department of Physics, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria
O. A. Adenuga
Department of Physics, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria
S. O. Kareem
Department of Physics, Mountain Top University, Prayer City, Nigeria
H. T. Oladunjoye
Department of Physics, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria
A. E. Ajetunmobi
Department of Physics, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria
O. T. Williams
Department of Physics, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria
D. T. Ogundele
Department of Physics, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria

Keywords:

Magnetic reconnection , Dst, intense geomagnetic storm, moderate southward IMF- Bz, solar maximum, solar minimum, solar cycle

Abstract

Magnetic reconnection can be used for studying the geoeffective processes in the coupled Sun–Solar wind – Magnetosphere dynamics leading to geomagnetic disturbance. In this study, 1-hour resolution solar wind plasma parameters from OMNIweb were used to investigate the relationship between moderate southward interplanetary magnetic field, IMF-B_z (i.e., B_z > -10 nT) and geomagnetic storm time disturbance, D_st , during the ascending, maximum and descending phases of solar cycle 23. Occurrences of different classes of geomagnetic storms during moderate southward B_z are reported. The occurrence of weak and moderate geomagnetic storms is more predominant during maximum solar activity than intense and super intense storms. It was found that 10.11 % (181) of all the classes of the storm were intense, and 0.17 % (3) were super intense storms. Furthermore, it was found that 4 (2.2 %) out of the 181 intense storms were caused by southward B_z > -10 nT which were associated with the complex structure due to the high-speed solar wind stream and corotating interacting region. In such a complex structure and B_z > -10 nT, we observed that an intense geomagnetic storm rarely occurs and if it does, would be predominant around solar maximum. It was found that long-duration (\Delta t > 6 hrs) of southward B_z (i.e., -10 nT < B_z <= -3.6 nT ) can also lead to an intense geomagnetic storm during the solar maximum and descending phase (moderate solar activity) of a solar cycle. The complex structure of intense geomagnetic storms associated with the B_z > -10 nT is rare and possesses a special configuration of magnetic field and solar wind parameters structures which are CIR manifestations.

Dimensions

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