Levels of Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), and Cadmium (Cd) in Soil, Rice Stalk, and Oryza Sativa Grain in Ishiagu Rice Field, Ebonyi State, Nigeria; Human Health Risk

Authors

  • D. N. Ajah
    Department of Industrial chemistry, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu State, Nigeria
  • E. Agboeze
    Department of Industrial chemistry, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu State, Nigeria
  • J. N. Ihedioha
    Department of pure and Industrial chemistry, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
  • E. Chukwudi-Madu
    Department of Industrial chemistry, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu State, Nigeria
  • C. C. Chime
    Department of Industrial chemistry, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu State, Nigeria

Keywords:

Heavy metals, Rice, Soil, Health risk, Environmental pollution

Abstract

Levels of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Fe, Cd) were determined in soil, rice grain, and rice stalk from Federal College of Agriculture Ishiagu rice field, Ebonyi state, Nigeria. The dried samples were digested with a 1: 3 (HNO3: HCl) mixture and analyzed with atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The mean concentration of the metals in the soil before planting, soil after harvest, and rice grain were as follows: Zn (7.28, 11.33 and 24.90); Cu (3.40,4.64 and 4.14); Fe (803.04, 735.47 and 107.78); Cd (1.14, ND and ND) and were all within FEPA and FAO/WHO limits. The daily intake values for a 60 kg adult were Zn (0.04), Cu (0.01), and Fe (0.18) and were all below the recommended limits by Codex Alimentarius standards. The Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) for Zn, Cu, and Fe was less than one (1<), and the total hazard index was less than 1, indicating that the population will not be exposed to the potential health risk from these metals. However, the metal levels should be monitored to ensure they stay at harmless levels.

Dimensions

Y. Jin, L.Wang, Y. Song, J. Zhu, M. Qin, L.Wu & D. Hou, “Integrated life cycle assessment for sustainable remediation of contaminated agricultural soil in China”, Environmental Science & Technology 55 (2021) 12032.

C. C. Onoyima, F. G. Okibe, E. Ogah & Y. A. Dallatu, “Heavy metal pollution and ecological risk assessment in the sediments of River Kaduna, Nigeria”, Journal of Research in Forestry, Wildlife and Environment 2 (2021) 205.

M. Qin, J. Gong, G. Zeng, B. Song, W. Cao, M. Shen & Z. Chen, “The role of microplastics in altering arsenic fractionation and microbial community structures in arsenic-contaminated riverine sediments”, Journal of Hazardous Materials 12 (2022).

B. Hikon, G. G. Yebpella, L. Jafiya & S. Ayuba, “Preliminary Investigation of Microplastic as a Vector for Heavy Metals in Bye-ma Salt Mine, Wukari, Nigeria”, Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences 3 (2021) 25.

D.W. Yap, J. Adezrian, J. Khairiah, B. S. Ismail&R. Ahmad-Mahir, “The uptake of heavy metals by paddy plants (Oryza sativa) in Kota Marudu, Sabah, Malaysia”, Am Eurasian J Agric Environ Sci 6 (2009) 16.

S. Cheng, “Heavy metals in plants and phytoremediation”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research 33 (2003) 335.

C. S. Romero-Oliva, V. Contardo-Jara, T. Block & S. Pflugmacher, “Accumulation of microcystin congeners in different aquatic plants and crops–A case study from lake Amatitl´an, Guatemala”, Ecotoxicology and environmental safety 1 (2014) 335.

N. Coen, C. Mothersill, M. Kadhim & E. G. Wright, “Heavy metals of relevance to human health induce genomic instability. The Journal of Pathology”, A Journal of the Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland 195 (2001) 293.

F. Zaccaria, S. C. van der Lubbe, C. Nieuwland, T. A. Hamlin & C. Fonseca Guerra, “How divalent cations interact with the internal channel site of guanine quadruplexes”, ChemPhysChem 22 (2021) 2286.

M. Jiang, H. R. Chen, S. S. Li, R. Liang, J. H. Liu, Y. Yang & X. J. Huang, “The selective capture of Pb2+ in rice phloem sap using glutathione-functionalized gold nanoparticles/multi-walled carbon nanotubes: enhancing anti-interference electrochemical detection”, Environmental Science: Nano 5 (2018).

D. D. Bwede, R. A.Wuana, G. EGAH, A. U. Itodo, E. Ogah, E. A. Yerima & A. I. Ibrahim, “Characterization and Evaluation of Human Health Risk of Heavy Metals in Tin Mine Tailings in Selected Area of Plateau State, Nigeria”, Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences 3 (2021) 406.

K. O. Sodeinde, S. O. Olusanya, D. U. Momodu, V. F. Enogheghase & O. S. Lawal, “Waste glass: An excellent adsorbent for crystal violet dye, Pb2+ and Cd2+ heavy metals ions decontamination from wastewater”, Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences 3 (2021) 414.

M. N. Amirah, A. S. Afiza, W. I. W. Faizal, M. H. Nurliyana & S. Laili, “Human health risk assessment of metal contamination through consumption of fish”, J Environ Pollut Hum Health. 1 (2013) 1.

H. Zhang, F. Zhang, J. Song, M. L. Tan & V. C. Johnson, ”Pollutant source, ecological and human health risks assessment of heavy metals in soils from coal mining areas in Xinjiang, China”, Environmental Research 202 (2021) 111702.

F. Chen, L. Saqlain, J. Ma, Z. I. Khan, K. Ahmad, A. Ashfaq & Y. Yang, “Evaluation of potential ecological risk and prediction of zinc accumulation and its transfer in soil plants and ruminants: public health implications”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research 29 (2022) 3386.

P. Zhuang, B. Zou, N. Y. Li & Z. A. Li, “Heavy metal contamination in soils and food crops around Dabaoshan mine in Guangdong, China: implication for human health”, Environmental Geochemistry and Health 31 (2009) 707.

F. A. O. Joint, WHO working group report on drafting guidelines for the evaluation of probiotics in food, London, Ontario, Canada (2002).

R. A. Wuana &. F. E. Okieimen, “Heavy metals in contaminated soils: a review of sources, chemistry, risks and best available strategies for remediation”, International Scholarly Research Notices (2011) 1.

D. Song, D. Zhuang, D. Jiang, J. Fu & Q. Wang, “Integrated health risk assessment of heavy metals in Suxian County, South China”, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 12 (2015) 7100.

J. F. Machiwa, “Heavy metal levels in paddy soils and rice (Oryza sativa (L)) from wetlands of Lake Victoria Basin, Tanzania”, Tanzania Journal of Science (2010) 36.

S. Binda, C. Hill, E. Johansen, D. Obis, B. Pot, M. E. Sanders & A. C. Ouwehand, “Criteria to qualify microorganisms as “probiotic” in foods and dietary supplements”, Front Microbiol. 11 (2020).

D. Kibassa, A. A. Kimaro & R. S. Shemdoe, “Heavy metals concentrations in selected areas used for urban agriculture in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania”, Scientific Research and Essays 827 (2013) 1296.

N. Herawati, S. Suzuki, K. Hayashi, I. F. Rivai & H. Koyama, “Cadmium, copper, and zinc levels in rice and soil of Japan, Indonesia, and China by soil type”, Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 64 (2000) 33.

M. Wang, B. Markert, W. Chen, C. Peng & Z. Ouyang, “Identification of heavy metal pollutants using multivariate analysis and effects of land uses on their accumulation in urban soils in Beijing, China”, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 184 (2021) 5889.

M.W. Fiers, G. A. Kleter, H. Nijland, A. A. Peijnenburg, J. P. Nap & R. C. Van Ham, “AllermatchTM, a webtool for the prediction of potential allergenicity according to current FAO/WHO Codex alimentarius guidelines”, BMC Bioinformatics 5 (2004) 1.

M. Arabameri, M. Mohammadi Moghadam, L. Monjazeb Marvdashti, S. M. Mehdinia, A. Abdolshahi & A. Dezianian, “Pesticide residues in pistachio nut: a human risk assessment study”, International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry (2020) 1.

Y. Jin, L.Wang, Y. Song, J. Zhu, M. Qin, L.Wu & D. Hou, “Integrated life cycle assessment for sustainable remediation of contaminated agricultural soil in China”, Environmental Science & Technology 55 (2021) 12032.

H. Liu, A. Probst & B. Liao, “Metal contamination of soils and crops affected by the Chenzhou lead/zinc mine spill (Hunan, China)”, Science of the Total Environment 339 (2005) 153.

W. H. Organization, Safety evaluation of certain food additives: prepared by the eighty-ninth meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), (2022).

Published

2022-09-25

How to Cite

Levels of Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), and Cadmium (Cd) in Soil, Rice Stalk, and Oryza Sativa Grain in Ishiagu Rice Field, Ebonyi State, Nigeria; Human Health Risk. (2022). Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences, 4(4), 891. https://doi.org/10.46481/jnsps.2022.891

Issue

Volume 4, Issue 4, November 2022

Section

Original Research
Copyright & Licensing

Copyright (c) 2022 D. N. Ajah, E. Agboeze, J. N. Ihedioha, E. Chukwudi-Madu, C. C. Chime

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Levels of Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), and Cadmium (Cd) in Soil, Rice Stalk, and Oryza Sativa Grain in Ishiagu Rice Field, Ebonyi State, Nigeria; Human Health Risk. (2022). Journal of the Nigerian Society of Physical Sciences, 4(4), 891. https://doi.org/10.46481/jnsps.2022.891

Similar Articles

111-120 of 126

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.